{"id":"nepafenac","rwe":[{"pmid":"41835913","year":"2026","title":"Progressive Intramembranous Cystic Changes in Macular Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation Over 3 Years.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of vitreoretinal diseases","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41525096","year":"2026","title":"Efficacy of Topical Nepafenac Versus Nepafenac With Perioperative Cyclopentolate for Pain Management After Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Comparative Clinical Evaluation.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41518216","year":"2026","title":"Novel stable micellar formulation for ocular delivery of nepafenac: optimization, characterization and in-vitro evaluation.","finding":"","journal":"Drug development and industrial pharmacy","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41296048","year":"2025","title":"[Transient maculopathy after intracameral injection of cefuroxime].","finding":"","journal":"Die Ophthalmologie","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41117999","year":"2025","title":"The effects of topical nepafenac on pupillary dynamics in early postoperative period following uneventful cataract surgery: a prospective randomized study.","finding":"","journal":"International ophthalmology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"4e6f184f-0de5-acca-e063-6394a90ac321","set_id":"10f411d3-a81e-074a-e063-6294a90ab547","openfda":{"nui":["N0000000160","M0001335","N0000175722"],"unii":["0J9L7J6V8C"],"route":["OPHTHALMIC"],"rxcui":["1362132","1365866"],"spl_id":["4e6f184f-0de5-acca-e063-6394a90ac321"],"brand_name":["ILEVRO"],"spl_set_id":["10f411d3-a81e-074a-e063-6294a90ab547"],"package_ndc":["82667-400-03"],"product_ndc":["82667-400"],"generic_name":["NEPAFENAC"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal [CS]"],"substance_name":["NEPAFENAC"],"pharm_class_epc":["Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug [EPC]"],"pharm_class_moa":["Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [MoA]"],"manufacturer_name":["Harrow Eye, LLC"],"application_number":["NDA203491"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"5","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category C: Reproduction studies performed with nepafenac in rabbits and rats at oral doses up to 10 mg/kg/day have revealed no evidence of teratogenicity due to nepafenac, despite the induction of maternal toxicity. At this dose, the animal plasma exposure to nepafenac and amfenac was approximately 70 and 630 times human plasma exposure at the recommended human topical ophthalmic dose for rats and 20 and 180 times human plasma exposure for rabbits, respectively. In rats, maternally toxic doses greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg were associated with dystocia, increased postimplantation loss, reduced fetal weights and growth, and reduced fetal survival. Nepafenac has been shown to cross the placental barrier in rats. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Non-teratogenic Effects Because of the known effects of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibiting drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus), the use of ILEVRO ® 0.3% during late pregnancy should be avoided."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION ILEVRO ® 0.3% is a sterile, topical, NSAID prodrug for ophthalmic use. Each mL of ILEVRO ® 0.3% contains 3 mg of nepafenac. Nepafenac is designated chemically as 2-amino-3-benzoylbenzeneacetamide with an empirical formula of C 15 H 14 N 2 O 2 . The structural formula of nepafenac is: Nepafenac is a yellow crystalline powder. The molecular weight of nepafenac is 254.28 g/mol. ILEVRO ® 0.3% is supplied as a sterile, aqueous suspension with a pH approximately of 6.8. The osmolality of ILEVRO ® 0.3% is approximately 300 mOsm/kg. Each mL of ILEVRO ® 0.3% contains: Active: nepafenac 0.3%. Inactives: boric acid, propylene glycol, carbomer 974P, sodium chloride, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, edetate disodium, benzalkonium chloride 0.005% (preservative), sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid to adjust pH and purified water, USP. structural formula of nepafenac"],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING ILEVRO ® 0.3% is supplied in a white, oval, low density polyethylene dispenser with a natural low density polyethylene dispensing plug and gray polypropylene cap. 3 mL in 4 mL bottle NDC 82667-400-03 Storage: Store at 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F). Protect from light."],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ILEVRO ® 0.3% in pediatric patients below the age of 10 years have not been established."],"effective_time":"20260401","nursing_mothers":["8.3 Nursing Mothers Nepafenac is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ILEVRO ® 0.3% is administered to a nursing woman."],"clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES In two double masked, randomized clinical trials in which patients were dosed daily beginning one day prior to cataract surgery, continued on the day of surgery and for the first two weeks of the postoperative period, ILEVRO ® 0.3% demonstrated superior clinical efficacy compared to its vehicle in treating postoperative pain and inflammation. Treatment effect over vehicle for resolution of ocular pain occurred as early as Day 1 post-surgery. Treatment effect over vehicle for resolution of inflammation was significantly better than vehicle in both studies at Day 7 and Day 14 post-surgery. Table 1: Inflammation and Ocular Pain Resolution Results of Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension, 0.3% versus Vehicle at Day 14 Post-surgery (All-Randomized Population) Study Treatment Inflammation Resolution at Postop Day 14 Ocular Pain Resolution at Postop Day 14 Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. (1) n/N is the ratio of those with complete resolution of anterior chamber cell and flare by the postoperative Day 14 visit over all randomized subjects. (2) Difference is Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) – vehicle. The 95% CI is derived using asymptotic approximation. Study 1 Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) (1) 552/851 (65%) 734/851 (86%) NEVANAC (n/N) (1) 568/845 (67%) 737/845 (87%) Vehicle (n/N) (1) 67/211 (32%) 98/211 (46%) Difference (95% CI) (2) 33% (26%, 40%) 40% (32%, 47%) Study 2 Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) (1) 331/540 (61%) 456/540 (84%) Vehicle (n/N) (1) 63/268 (24%) 101/268 (38%) Difference (95% CI) (2) 38% (31%, 45%) 47% (40%, 54%)"],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics Following bilateral topical ocular once-daily dosing of ILEVRO ® 0.3%, the concentrations of nepafenac and amfenac peaked at a median time of 0.5 hour and 0.75 hour, respectively on both Day 1 and Day 4. The mean steady-state C max for nepafenac and for amfenac were 0.847 ± 0.269 ng/mL and 1.13 ± 0.491 ng/mL, respectively. Nepafenac at concentrations up to 3000 ng/mL and amfenac at concentrations up to 1000 ng/mL did not inhibit the in vitro metabolism of six specific marker substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4). Therefore, drug-drug interactions involving CYP mediated metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs are unlikely."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to the rates in the clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Most common adverse reactions (5% to 10%) are capsular opacity, decreased visual acuity, foreign body sensation, increased intraocular pressure, and sticky sensation. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Harrow Eye, LLC at 1-833-4HARROW or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Serious and Otherwise Important Adverse Reactions The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of labeling. Increased Bleeding Time [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Delayed Healing [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Corneal Effects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] 6.2 Ocular Adverse Reactions The most frequently reported ocular adverse reactions following cataract surgery were capsular opacity, decreased visual acuity, foreign body sensation, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), and sticky sensation. These reactions occurred in approximately 5% to 10% of patients. Other ocular adverse reactions occurring at an incidence of approximately 1% to 5% included conjunctival edema, corneal edema, dry eye, lid margin crusting, ocular discomfort, ocular hyperemia, ocular pain, ocular pruritus, photophobia, tearing, and vitreous detachment. Some of these reactions may be the consequence of the cataract surgical procedure. 6.3 Non-Ocular Adverse Reactions Non-ocular adverse reactions reported at an incidence of 1% to 4% included headache, hypertension, nausea/vomiting, and sinusitis."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS ILEVRO ® 0.3% is contraindicated in patients with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the formula or to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the formula or to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). ( 4 )"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action After topical ocular dosing, nepafenac penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, a NSAID. Nepafenac and amfenac are thought to inhibit the action of prostaglandin H synthase (cyclooxygenase), an enzyme required for prostaglandin production."],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action After topical ocular dosing, nepafenac penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, a NSAID. Nepafenac and amfenac are thought to inhibit the action of prostaglandin H synthase (cyclooxygenase), an enzyme required for prostaglandin production. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Following bilateral topical ocular once-daily dosing of ILEVRO ® 0.3%, the concentrations of nepafenac and amfenac peaked at a median time of 0.5 hour and 0.75 hour, respectively on both Day 1 and Day 4. The mean steady-state C max for nepafenac and for amfenac were 0.847 ± 0.269 ng/mL and 1.13 ± 0.491 ng/mL, respectively. Nepafenac at concentrations up to 3000 ng/mL and amfenac at concentrations up to 1000 ng/mL did not inhibit the in vitro metabolism of six specific marker substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4). Therefore, drug-drug interactions involving CYP mediated metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs are unlikely."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ILEVRO ® 0.3% is indicated for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. ILEVRO ® 0.3% is a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory prodrug indicated for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery ( 1 )."],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Increased bleeding time due to interference with thrombocyte aggregation ( 5.1 ) Delayed healing ( 5.2 ) Corneal effects including keratitis ( 5.3 ) 5.1 Increased Bleeding Time With some NSAIDs including ILEVRO ® 0.3%, there exists the potential for increased bleeding time due to interference with thrombocyte aggregation. There have been reports that ocularly applied nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may cause increased bleeding of ocular tissues (including hyphema) in conjunction with ocular surgery. It is recommended that ILEVRO ® 0.3% be used with caution in patients with known bleeding tendencies or who are receiving other medications which may prolong bleeding time. 5.2 Delayed Healing Topical NSAIDs including ILEVRO ® 0.3%, may slow or delay healing. Topical corticosteroids are also known to slow or delay healing. Concomitant use of topical NSAIDs and topical steroids may increase the potential for healing problems. 5.3 Corneal Effects Use of topical NSAIDs may result in keratitis. In some susceptible patients, continued use of topical NSAIDs may result in epithelial breakdown, corneal thinning, corneal erosion, corneal ulceration, or corneal perforation. These events may be sight threatening. Patients with evidence of corneal epithelial breakdown should immediately discontinue use of topical NSAIDs including ILEVRO ® 0.3% and should be closely monitored for corneal health. Postmarketing experience with topical NSAIDs suggests that patients with complicated ocular surgeries, corneal denervation, corneal epithelial defects, diabetes mellitus, ocular surface diseases (e.g., dry eye syndrome), rheumatoid arthritis, or repeat ocular surgeries within a short period of time may be at increased risk for corneal adverse events, which may become sight threatening. Topical NSAIDs should be used with caution in these patients. Postmarketing experience with topical NSAIDs also suggests that use more than 1 day prior to surgery or use beyond 14 days post-surgery may increase patient risk and severity of corneal adverse events. 5.4 Contact Lens Wear ILEVRO ® 0.3% should not be administered while using contact lenses."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Table 1: Inflammation and Ocular Pain Resolution Results of Nepafenac Ophthalmic Suspension, 0.3% versus Vehicle at Day 14 Post-surgery (All-Randomized Population)
StudyTreatmentInflammation Resolution at Postop Day 14 Ocular Pain Resolution at Postop Day 14
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval. (1)n/N is the ratio of those with complete resolution of anterior chamber cell and flare by the postoperative Day 14 visit over all randomized subjects. (2)Difference is Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) – vehicle. The 95% CI is derived using asymptotic approximation.
Study 1Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) (1)552/851 (65%)734/851 (86%)
NEVANAC (n/N) (1)568/845 (67%)737/845 (87%)
Vehicle (n/N) (1)67/211 (32%)98/211 (46%)
Difference (95% CI) (2)33% (26%, 40%)40% (32%, 47%)
Study 2Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% (n/N) (1)331/540 (61%)456/540 (84%)
Vehicle (n/N) (1)63/268 (24%)101/268 (38%)
Difference (95% CI) (2)38% (31%, 45%)47% (40%, 54%)
"],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Nepafenac has not been evaluated in long-term carcinogenicity studies. Increased chromosomal aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed in vitro to nepafenac suspension. Nepafenac was not mutagenic in the Ames assay or in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. Oral doses up to 5000 mg/kg did not result in an increase in the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in vivo in the mouse micronucleus assay in the bone marrow of mice. Nepafenac did not impair fertility when administered orally to male and female rats at 3 mg/kg."],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Slow or Delayed Healing Inform the patient of the possibility that slow or delayed healing may occur while using NSAIDs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Avoiding Contamination of the Product Instruct the patient to avoid allowing the tip of the dispensing container to contact the eye or surrounding structures because this could cause the tip to become contaminated by common bacteria known to cause ocular infections. Serious damage to the eye and subsequent loss of vision may result from using contaminated solutions. Use of the same bottle for both eyes is not recommended with topical eye drops that are used in association with surgery. Contact Lens Wear ILEVRO ® 0.3% should not be administered while wearing contact lenses [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Intercurrent Ocular Conditions Advise the patient that if they develop an intercurrent ocular condition (e.g., trauma, or infection) or have ocular surgery, they should immediately seek their physician’s advice concerning the continued use of the multi-dose container [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Concomitant Topical Ocular Therapy If more than one topical ophthalmic medication is being used, the medicines must be administered at least 5 minutes apart [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] . Shake Well Before Use Patients should be instructed to shake well before each use [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] ."],"spl_unclassified_section":["Distributed by Harrow Eye, LLC™ Nashville, TN, USA"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION One drop of ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be applied to the affected eye one-time-daily beginning 1 day prior to cataract surgery, continued on the day of surgery and through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. An additional drop should be administered 30 to 120 minutes prior to surgery. ( 2 ) 2.1 Recommended Dosing One drop of ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be applied to the affected eye one time daily beginning 1 day prior to cataract surgery, continued on the day of surgery and through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. An additional drop should be administered 30 to 120 minutes prior to surgery. 2.2 Use with Other Topical Ophthalmic Medications ILEVRO ® 0.3% may be administered in conjunction with other topical ophthalmic medications such as beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-agonists, cycloplegics, and mydriatics. If more than one topical ophthalmic medication is being used, the medicines must be administered at least 5 minutes apart."],"spl_product_data_elements":["ILEVRO nepafenac BORIC ACID PROPYLENE GLYCOL CARBOMER HOMOPOLYMER TYPE B (ALLYL PENTAERYTHRITOL CROSSLINKED) SODIUM CHLORIDE GUAR GUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM EDETATE DISODIUM BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM HYDROXIDE HYDROCHLORIC ACID WATER NEPAFENAC NEPAFENAC"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Sterile ophthalmic suspension 0.3%: 1.7 mL in a 4 mL bottle and 3 mL in a 4 mL bottle. Sterile ophthalmic suspension 0.3%: 3 mL in a 4 mL bottle. ( 3 )"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects. Pregnancy Category C: Reproduction studies performed with nepafenac in rabbits and rats at oral doses up to 10 mg/kg/day have revealed no evidence of teratogenicity due to nepafenac, despite the induction of maternal toxicity. At this dose, the animal plasma exposure to nepafenac and amfenac was approximately 70 and 630 times human plasma exposure at the recommended human topical ophthalmic dose for rats and 20 and 180 times human plasma exposure for rabbits, respectively. In rats, maternally toxic doses greater than or equal to 10 mg/kg were associated with dystocia, increased postimplantation loss, reduced fetal weights and growth, and reduced fetal survival. Nepafenac has been shown to cross the placental barrier in rats. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, ILEVRO ® 0.3% should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Non-teratogenic Effects Because of the known effects of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibiting drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus), the use of ILEVRO ® 0.3% during late pregnancy should be avoided. 8.3 Nursing Mothers Nepafenac is excreted in the milk of lactating rats. It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ILEVRO ® 0.3% is administered to a nursing woman. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ILEVRO ® 0.3% in pediatric patients below the age of 10 years have not been established. 8.5 Geriatric Use No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 82667-400-03 STERILE ILEVRO ® (nepafenac ophthalmic suspension) 0.3% 3 mL Harrow Eye, LLC TM HARROW ® Ilevro Carton"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Nepafenac has not been evaluated in long-term carcinogenicity studies. Increased chromosomal aberrations were observed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed in vitro to nepafenac suspension. Nepafenac was not mutagenic in the Ames assay or in the mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. Oral doses up to 5000 mg/kg did not result in an increase in the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in vivo in the mouse micronucleus assay in the bone marrow of mice. Nepafenac did not impair fertility when administered orally to male and female rats at 3 mg/kg."]},"tags":[{"label":"Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2","category":"target"},{"label":"PTGS2","category":"gene"},{"label":"PTGS1","category":"gene"},{"label":"S01BC10","category":"atc"},{"label":"Ophthalmic","category":"route"},{"label":"Suspension","category":"form"},{"label":"Suspension/ Drops","category":"form"},{"label":"LOE Approaching","category":"status"},{"label":"Post-Op Ocular Inflammation","category":"indication"},{"label":"Postoperative Ocular Pain","category":"indication"},{"label":"Harrow Eye","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 2000s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Analgesics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antirheumatic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sensory System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"llr":260.204,"date":"","count":53,"signal":"Ulcerative keratitis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 53 times (LLR=260)"},{"llr":205.429,"date":"","count":41,"signal":"Toxic anterior segment syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 41 times (LLR=205)"},{"llr":190.414,"date":"","count":34,"signal":"Corneal opacity","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 34 times (LLR=190)"},{"llr":184.036,"date":"","count":37,"signal":"Corneal oedema","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 37 times (LLR=184)"},{"llr":147.369,"date":"","count":52,"signal":"Visual acuity reduced","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 52 times (LLR=147)"},{"llr":143.651,"date":"","count":29,"signal":"Cystoid macular oedema","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 29 times (LLR=144)"},{"llr":140.459,"date":"","count":24,"signal":"Corneal epithelium defect","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 24 times (LLR=140)"},{"llr":133.672,"date":"","count":37,"signal":"Intraocular pressure increased","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 37 times (LLR=134)"},{"llr":132.525,"date":"","count":28,"signal":"Corneal disorder","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 28 times (LLR=133)"},{"llr":125.175,"date":"","count":50,"signal":"Eye pain","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 50 times (LLR=125)"},{"llr":121.683,"date":"","count":57,"signal":"Cataract","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 57 times (LLR=122)"},{"llr":118.238,"date":"","count":49,"signal":"Product quality issue","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 49 times (LLR=118)"},{"llr":103.925,"date":"","count":23,"signal":"Product container issue","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 23 times (LLR=104)"},{"llr":103.176,"date":"","count":28,"signal":"Endophthalmitis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 28 times (LLR=103)"},{"llr":100.917,"date":"","count":39,"signal":"Ocular hyperaemia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 39 times (LLR=101)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"capsular opacity","drugRate":"5% to 10%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"decreased visual acuity","drugRate":"5% to 10%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"foreign body sensation","drugRate":"5% to 10%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"increased intraocular pressure (IOP)","drugRate":"5% to 10%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"sticky sensation","drugRate":"5% to 10%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"conjunctival edema","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"corneal edema","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"dry eye","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"lid margin crusting","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"ocular discomfort","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"ocular hyperemia","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"ocular pain","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"ocular pruritus","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"photophobia","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"tearing","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"vitreous detachment","drugRate":"1% to 5%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"headache","drugRate":"1% to 4%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"hypertension","drugRate":"1% to 4%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"nausea/vomiting","drugRate":"1% to 4%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"sinusitis","drugRate":"1% to 4%","severity":"mild","_validated":true}],"contraindications":["Blood coagulation disorder","Corneal epithelial degeneration","Corneal erosion","Corneal ulcer","Decreased Corneal Sensitivity","Diabetes mellitus","Impaired wound healing","Keratitis","Ocular Bleeding","Perforation of cornea","Rheumatoid arthritis","Tear film insufficiency"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Reproduction studies performed with nepafenac in rabbits and rats at oral doses up to 10 mg/kg/day have revealed no evidence of teratogenicity due to nepafenac, despite the induction of maternal toxicity. At this dose, the animal plasma exposure to nepafenac and amfenac was approximately 260 and 2400 times human plasma exposure at the recommended human topical ophthalmic dose for rats and 80 and 680 times human plasma exposure for rabbits, respectively. In rats, maternally toxic doses >= 10 mg/kg were associated with dystocia, increased postimplantation loss, reduced fetal weights and growth, and reduced fetal survival. Nepafenac has been shown to cross the placental barrier in rats. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, NEVANAC(R) should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Non-teratogenic Effects.Because of the known effects of prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibiting drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus), the use of NEVANAC(R) during late pregnancy should be avoided.","Geriatric use":"No overall differences in safety and effectiveness have been observed between elderly and younger patients.","Paediatric use":"The safety and effectiveness of NEVANAC(R) in pediatric patients below the age of 10 years have not been established."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Harrow Health","patents":[{"applNo":"N021862","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Jan 31, 2027","useCode":"U-1095","territory":"US","drugProduct":false,"patentNumber":"7834059","drugSubstance":false},{"type":"Formulation","number":"9662398","applicant":"HARROW EYE LLC","territory":"US","tradeName":"ILEVRO","expiryDate":"2030-12-01"},{"type":"Formulation","number":"8921337","applicant":"HARROW EYE LLC","territory":"US","tradeName":"ILEVRO","expiryDate":"2032-03-31"}],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=NEPAFENAC","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:22.859917+00:00"},"patents":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Orange Book","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_orange_book","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:22.859859+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepafenac","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:31.174096+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:29.843133+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=NEPAFENAC","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:30.148766+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:21.405498+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:21.405526+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:21.405530+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Cyclooxygenase inhibitor","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:31.174030+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1021/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:30.840435+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"NDA203491","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:21.405533+00:00"}},"allNames":"nevanac","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["nepafenac","nevanac"],"timeline":[{"date":"2005-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from ALCON PHARMS LTD to Harrow Eye"},{"date":"2005-08-19","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Alcon Pharms Ltd)"},{"date":"2012-10-16","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Ilevro approved — 0.3%"}],"aiSummary":"Nevanac (nepafenac) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) developed by Alcon Pharmaceuticals Ltd, now owned by Harrow Eye. It targets prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 to reduce inflammation and pain. Nevanac is FDA-approved for post-operative ocular inflammation and pain, with an approval date of 2005. It remains a patented product with no generic manufacturers available. Key safety considerations include potential eye irritation and increased risk of corneal epithelial defects.","approvals":[{"date":"2005-08-19","orphan":false,"company":"ALCON PHARMS LTD","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Nevanac","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Post-Op Ocular Inflammation","otherDrugs":[{"name":"benzalkonium","slug":"benzalkonium","company":""},{"name":"bromfenac","slug":"bromfenac","company":"Bausch And Lomb Inc"},{"name":"cortisone acetate","slug":"cortisone-acetate","company":""},{"name":"dexamethasone","slug":"dexamethasone","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Postoperative Ocular Pain","otherDrugs":[{"name":"bromfenac","slug":"bromfenac","company":"Bausch And Lomb Inc"},{"name":"diclofenac","slug":"diclofenac","company":""},{"name":"difluprednate","slug":"difluprednate","company":"Alcon Pharms Ltd"},{"name":"ketorolac","slug":"ketorolac","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"PTGS2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2","protein":"Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2"},{"gene":"PTGS1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1","protein":"Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1"}],"moaClass":"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug [EPC]","explanation":"After topical ocular dosing, nepafenac penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Amfenac is thought to inhibit the action of prostaglandin synthase (cyclooxygenase), an enzyme required for prostaglandin production.","oneSentence":"Nevanac works by inhibiting the enzyme prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, which is involved in producing prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation.","technicalDetail":"Nepafenac is a small molecule inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the production of prostaglandins, which are lipid mediators of inflammation and pain."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepafenac","title":"Nepafenac","extract":"Nepafenac, sold under the brand name Nevanac among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), usually sold as a prescription eye drop 0.1% solution (Nevanac) or 0.3% solution (Ilevro). It is used to treat pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. Nepafenac is a prodrug of amfenac, an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 activity."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"2005","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 2005-08-19, ALCON PHARMS LTD)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1899","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=NEPAFENAC","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=NEPAFENAC","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepafenac","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T14:38:10.325382","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:41:33.972196+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"indomethacin","drugSlug":"indomethacin","fdaApproval":"1965-06-10","patentExpiry":"Apr 23, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"oxyphenbutazone","drugSlug":"oxyphenbutazone","fdaApproval":"1960-12-21","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"diclofenac","drugSlug":"diclofenac","fdaApproval":"1988-07-28","patentExpiry":"Apr 23, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"flurbiprofen","drugSlug":"flurbiprofen","fdaApproval":"1986-12-31","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ketorolac","drugSlug":"ketorolac","fdaApproval":"1989-11-30","patentExpiry":"Nov 24, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"piroxicam","drugSlug":"piroxicam","fdaApproval":"1982-04-06","genericCount":18,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"bromfenac","drugSlug":"bromfenac","fdaApproval":"2005-03-24","patentExpiry":"Nov 19, 2032","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"nepafenac","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Post-Op Ocular Inflammation","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"No specific eligibility criteria mentioned"},{"name":"Postoperative Ocular Pain","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"No specific eligibility criteria mentioned"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Harrow Eye","drugCategory":"loe-approaching","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"indomethacin","brandName":"indomethacin","genericName":"indomethacin","approvalYear":"1965","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"oxyphenbutazone","brandName":"oxyphenbutazone","genericName":"oxyphenbutazone","approvalYear":"1960","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"diclofenac","brandName":"diclofenac","genericName":"diclofenac","approvalYear":"1988","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"flurbiprofen","brandName":"flurbiprofen","genericName":"flurbiprofen","approvalYear":"1986","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ketorolac","brandName":"ketorolac","genericName":"ketorolac","approvalYear":"1989","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"piroxicam","brandName":"piroxicam","genericName":"piroxicam","approvalYear":"1982","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"bromfenac","brandName":"bromfenac","genericName":"bromfenac","approvalYear":"2005","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07372014","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Nepafenac Combined With a Lubricant Versus a Lubricant Alone in the Treatment of Epiphora Associated With Lacrimal Punctum Stenosis","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana","startDate":"2026-01-12","conditions":["Epiphora","Punctal Stenosis"],"enrollment":68,"completionDate":"2026-05-29"},{"nctId":"NCT07276802","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The TRIBECA Study (TRIessence/Byqlovi for Easier CAtaract Surgery)","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Research Insight LLC","startDate":"2025-12-05","conditions":["Post Cataract Surgery"],"enrollment":40,"completionDate":"2026-07-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07178639","phase":"NA","title":"Comparing Efficacy of Bromfenac 0.09%, Nepafenac 0.3% and Diclofenac 0.1% in Patients After Cataract Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Nemocnice Kolín","startDate":"2025-08-01","conditions":["Macular Oedema","Cataract Surgery","NSAID (Non-Steroidal 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