{"id":"morphine-retard","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"40-60","effect":"Constipation"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Drowsiness"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Vomiting"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Respiratory depression"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL5665374","moleculeType":null,"molecularWeight":"285.34"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Morphine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist that modulates pain perception and emotional response to pain by acting on opioid receptors throughout the brain and spinal cord. The retard (sustained-release) formulation extends the duration of action, allowing for less frequent dosing compared to immediate-release morphine while maintaining therapeutic opioid levels.","oneSentence":"Morphine Retard is a sustained-release formulation of morphine that binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system to provide prolonged pain relief.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:41:26.892Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate to severe chronic pain"},{"name":"Cancer pain"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03834363","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Morphine or Fentanyl for Refractory Dyspnea in COPD","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Huib A.M. Kerstjens","startDate":"2019-11-15","conditions":"COPD","enrollment":59},{"nctId":"NCT04696445","phase":"","title":"Pharmacokinetics of Morphine and Oxycodone in Frail Elderly Undergoing Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"St. Antonius Hospital","startDate":"2020-10-01","conditions":"Opioid Use, Side Effect of Drug, Postoperative Pain","enrollment":34},{"nctId":"NCT03541759","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Pain Management After Elective Shoulder Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AUVA Traumazentrum Vienna Site UKH Meidling","startDate":"2018-01-02","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":48}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Morphine"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Morphine Retard","genericName":"Morphine Retard","companyName":"Huib A.M. Kerstjens","companyId":"huib-a-m-kerstjens","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Morphine Retard is a sustained-release formulation of morphine that binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system to produce analgesia and reduce pain perception. Used for Chronic moderate to severe pain, Cancer pain.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}