{"id":"morphine-p-o","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"40-50","effect":"Constipation"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Drowsiness"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Vomiting"},{"rate":"dose-dependent","effect":"Respiratory depression"},{"rate":"with chronic use","effect":"Dependence and tolerance"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Morphine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts on opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. This binding modulates pain signal transmission and produces analgesic, sedative, and euphoric effects. It is one of the oldest and most widely used opioid analgesics for moderate to severe pain management.","oneSentence":"Morphine binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system to reduce pain perception and produce analgesia.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:55:56.786Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate to severe acute pain"},{"name":"Moderate to severe chronic pain"},{"name":"Cancer pain"},{"name":"Postoperative pain"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06854211","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Impacts of Opioids on Respiratory Drive During Sleep","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","startDate":"2026-07-01","conditions":"Opioids, Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT04123873","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Combinations of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Dexamethasone on Patient-Controlled Morphine Consumption in the First 24 Hours After Total Hip Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Naestved Hospital","startDate":"2020-03-05","conditions":"Pain, Acute, Hip Arthropathy, Analgesia","enrollment":1060},{"nctId":"NCT05539924","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Pregabalin Versus Gabapentin Opioid Sparing Effect in Discectomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Egypt","startDate":"2022-09-15","conditions":"Opioid Use","enrollment":72},{"nctId":"NCT03585452","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Cognitive Outcome and Brain Injury Markers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Michał Kowalczyk","startDate":"2018-08-01","conditions":"Cognitive Dysfunction","enrollment":23},{"nctId":"NCT00999544","phase":"NA","title":"Aprepitant Effects on Oxycodone Response","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sharon Walsh","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Narcotic Abuse","enrollment":9},{"nctId":"NCT01179828","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Linking Altered Central Pain Processing and Genetic Polymorphism to Drug Efficacy in Chronic Low Back Pain (Predictio)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern","startDate":"2010-07","conditions":"Low Back Pain","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT00268814","phase":"PHASE3","title":"The German Project of Heroin Assisted Treatment of Opiate Dependent Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf","startDate":"2002-03","conditions":"Opioid Dependence","enrollment":1015},{"nctId":"NCT00681174","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Controlled-Release Oxycodone For Postoperative Analgesia After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Parma","startDate":"2008-07","conditions":"Anesthesia Recovery Period, Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":22},{"nctId":"NCT00338481","phase":"PHASE4","title":"\"Red Morphine Drops\" for Symptomatic Treatment of Dyspnoea in Lung Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sankt Lukas Hospice","startDate":"2006-04","conditions":"Dyspnea, Lung Neoplasms","enrollment":20}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":5,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Morphine p.o.","genericName":"Morphine p.o.","companyName":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","companyId":"brigham-and-women-s-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Morphine binds to opioid receptors in the central nervous system to reduce pain perception and produce analgesia. Used for Moderate to severe acute pain, Moderate to severe chronic pain, Cancer pain.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}