{"id":"metoprolol-amiodarone","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Fatigue"},{"rate":"3-5","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"3-5","effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Pulmonary toxicity (amiodarone)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Thyroid dysfunction (amiodarone)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Photosensitivity (amiodarone)"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Hepatotoxicity (amiodarone)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1083993","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"681.78"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Metoprolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors on the heart, decreasing contractility and heart rate. Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic with multiple mechanisms including potassium channel blockade (class III effect), sodium channel inhibition (class I), beta-blockade (class II), and calcium channel blockade (class IV), making it effective for both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Together, they provide complementary cardiac effects for rate and rhythm control.","oneSentence":"Metoprolol is a beta-1 selective adrenergic antagonist that reduces heart rate and blood pressure, while amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic that blocks potassium channels and prolongs the action potential duration to prevent arrhythmias.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:54:55.409Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Hypertension"},{"name":"Angina pectoris"},{"name":"Myocardial infarction"},{"name":"Atrial fibrillation"},{"name":"Ventricular arrhythmias"},{"name":"Heart failure"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07238452","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Optimising Pacing Therapy, Integrated Medical Therapy, and Catheter AbLation for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Trial","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of British Columbia","startDate":"2025-12-01","conditions":"Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction, Atrial Fibrillation (AF)","enrollment":1056},{"nctId":"NCT06783868","phase":"","title":"Assessing the Neurological Outcomes After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation for Rhythm Control","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Kansas City Heart Rhythm Research Foundation","startDate":"2025-10","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Stroke","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT07130175","phase":"NA","title":"Radiofrequency Ablation for Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia With Heart Failure (RFCA for PMVT-HF)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Qian Feng","startDate":"2022-12-31","conditions":"Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia, Heart Failure","enrollment":118},{"nctId":"NCT04542785","phase":"NA","title":"Lenient Rate Control Versus Strict Rate Control for Atrial Fibrillation. The Danish Atrial Fibrillation Randomised Clinical Trial","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Holbaek Sygehus","startDate":"2021-03-31","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Persistent, Atrial Fibrillation Chronic, Atrial Fibrillation","enrollment":350},{"nctId":"NCT00911508","phase":"NA","title":"Catheter Ablation vs Anti-arrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2009-11-13","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Arrhythmia","enrollment":2204},{"nctId":"NCT02248753","phase":"NA","title":"Acute Cardioversion Versus Wait And See-approach for Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation in the Emergency Department","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Maastricht University Medical Center","startDate":"2014-10","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation","enrollment":437},{"nctId":"NCT00953212","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Prophylaxis to Reduce Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"MaineHealth","startDate":"2009-08","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter","enrollment":304},{"nctId":"NCT02025465","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Randomized Trial Comparing Diltiazem and Metoprolol For Atrial Fibrillation Rate Control","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"CAMC Health System","startDate":"2013-12","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT02502110","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Statin for Reduction of Postoperative Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","startDate":"2015-08","conditions":"Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation","enrollment":346},{"nctId":"NCT00589303","phase":"PHASE3","title":"AV Node Ablation and Pacemaker Therapy Compared to Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation - Pilot Study","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2007-12","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Failure","enrollment":27},{"nctId":"NCT00578617","phase":"NA","title":"Ablation vs Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation - Pilot Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2006-09","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Arrhythmia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT00784316","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intravenous Metoprolol Versus Intravenous Amiodarone in the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kuopio University Hospital","startDate":"2007-08","conditions":"Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiac Surgery","enrollment":316}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":8,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"metoprolol, amiodarone","genericName":"metoprolol, amiodarone","companyName":"Kuopio University Hospital","companyId":"kuopio-university-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Metoprolol is a beta-1 selective adrenergic antagonist that reduces heart rate and blood pressure, while amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic that blocks potassium channels and prolongs the action potential duration to prevent arrhythmias. Used for Hypertension, Angina pectoris, Myocardial infarction.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}