{"id":"methamphetamine","rwe":[{"pmid":"41906028","year":"2026","title":"Microinjection of CART peptide into the nucleus accumbens medial shell attenuates methamphetamine-induced anxiety-like behaviors via restoration of GABA(B) receptor membrane expression.","finding":"","journal":"Scientific reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41904832","year":"2026","title":"A qualitative insight into the experience of slamming: A focus group study in western France.","finding":"","journal":"Addictive behaviors","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41902895","year":"2026","title":"Retraction Note to: Exacerbation of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity in Cold and Hot Environments: Neuroprotective Effects of an Antioxidant Compound H-290/51.","finding":"","journal":"Molecular neurobiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41902655","year":"2026","title":"Administration of an extrasynaptic δ-subunit GABA(A) receptor agonist in the prelimbic cortex attenuates methamphetamine sensitisation and relapse to methamphetamine-seeking behaviour in male rats.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41902277","year":"2026","title":"A History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder in People with HIV Is Associated with Altered Functional Response to Risky Choice.","finding":"","journal":"Viruses","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"9f3c9287-0615-4d2e-823d-673b33586e06","abuse":["9.2 Abuse Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution. Abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, to achieve a desired psychological or physiological effect. Misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a healthcare provider or for whom it was not prescribed. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Misuse and abuse of methamphetamine may cause increased heart rate, respiratory rate, or blood pressure; sweating; dilated pupils; hyperactivity; restlessness; insomnia; decreased appetite; loss of coordination; tremors; flushed skin; vomiting; and/or abdominal pain. Anxiety, psychosis, hostility, aggression, and suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been observed with CNS stimulants abuse and/or misuse. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, can result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] , and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection."],"set_id":"90c02ac6-e5e2-4c97-8c68-81e4e389a195","openfda":{"upc":["0300540389253"],"unii":["997F43Z9CV"],"route":["ORAL"],"rxcui":["977860"],"spl_id":["9f3c9287-0615-4d2e-823d-673b33586e06"],"brand_name":["Methamphetamine Hydrochloride"],"spl_set_id":["90c02ac6-e5e2-4c97-8c68-81e4e389a195"],"package_ndc":["0054-0389-25"],"product_ndc":["0054-0389"],"generic_name":["METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE"],"manufacturer_name":["Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc."],"application_number":["ANDA203846"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"14","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ADHD medications, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to advise patients to register by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for ADHD Medications at 1-866-961-2388 or visiting online at www.womensmentalhealth.org/research/pregnancyregistry/adhd-medications/. Risk Summary Available data from epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports on use of methamphetamine and amphetamine in pregnant women over decades of use have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects or miscarriage. Neonates exposed to amphetamines in utero are at risk for withdrawal symptoms following delivery. Adverse pregnancy outcomes including premature delivery and low birth weight have been seen in infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations) . In animals, administration of methamphetamine during organogenesis resulted in developmental toxicity, including neonatal death and fetal malformations, at doses equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) on a mg/m 2 basis. Oral administration of methamphetamine to rats during pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, or lactation resulted in developmental toxicity in the offspring, including, neonatal mortality and delayed development, at a maternal dose similar to the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Amphetamines, such as methamphetamine, cause vasoconstriction and thereby decrease placental perfusion. In addition, amphetamines can stimulate uterine contractions, increasing the risk of premature delivery. Infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. Monitor infants born to mothers taking methamphetamine for symptoms of withdrawal such as feeding difficulties, irritability, agitation, and excessive drowsiness. Data Animal Data Based on published data, methamphetamine administration during the period of organogenesis caused malformations and pup mortality in mammals at doses equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) on a mg/m 2 basis. Oral administration of methamphetamine (0, or 3.75 mg/kg) to pregnant rats during gestation, throughout gestation and lactation, or only during lactation resulted in an increase in neonatal pup mortality. Delayed somatic development (pinna unfolding and eye opening) and impairments in neurobehavioral development (righting reflex, incline plane test, and forelimb grip strength) were observed in the pups. The dose with adverse effects was equivalent to the MRHD of 25 mg on a mg/m 2 basis."],"dependence":["9.3 Dependence Physical Dependence Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may produce physical dependence. Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. Withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or dose reduction following prolonged use of CNS stimulants including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets include dysphoric mood; depression; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; and psychomotor retardation or agitation. Tolerance Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may produce tolerance. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose)."],"overdosage":["10 OVERDOSAGE Clinical Effects of Overdose Overdose of CNS stimulants is characterized by the following sympathomimetic effects: • Cardiovascular effects including tachyarrhythmias, and hypertension or hypotension. Vasospasm, myocardial infarction, or aortic dissection may precipitate sudden cardiac death. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy may develop. • CNS effects including psychomotor agitation, confusion, and hallucinations. Serotonin syndrome, seizures, cerebral vascular accidents, and coma may occur. • Life-threatening hyperthermia (temperatures greater than 104°F) and rhabdomyolysis may develop. Overdose Management Consider the possibility of multiple drug ingestion. D-amphetamine is not dialyzable. Consider contacting the Poison Help line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdose management recommendations."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION Methamphetamine hydrochloride, USP, chemically known as (αS)-α-Methylbenzeneethan-(N-methyl)-amine Hydrochloride, is a member of the amphetamine group of sympathomimetic amines. It has the following structural formula: Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, USP contain 5 mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride, USP for oral administration. In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: crospovidone, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. new-jm-api-structural-image"],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets, USP How Supplied 5 mg tablets are supplied as a round, white to off-white, biconvex, debossed tablet with “54” on one side and “681” on the other side. NDC 0054-0389-25: Bottle of 100 tablets Storage and Handling Recommended Storage: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Dispense in a tight, light resistant, child-resistant container as defined in the USP/NF."],"spl_medguide":["MEDICATION GUIDE Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets, USP, CII (meth″ am fet′ a meen hye″ droe klor′ ide) Rx only What is the most important information I should know about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may cause serious side effects, including: • Abuse, misuse, and addiction. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets have a high chance for abuse and misuse and may lead to substance use problems, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, other amphetamine containing medicines, and methylphenidate containing medicines, can lead to overdose and death. The risk of overdose and death is increased with higher doses of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets or when it is used in ways that are not approved, such as snorting or injection. o Your healthcare provider should check your child’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction before starting treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and will monitor your child during treatment. o Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may lead to physical dependence after prolonged use, even if taken as directed by your healthcare provider. o Do not give methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to anyone else. See “ What are methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? ” for more information. o Keep methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place and properly dispose of any unused medicine. See “ How should I store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? ” for more information. o Tell your healthcare provider if your child has ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs. • Risks for people with serious heart disease. Sudden death has happened in people who have heart defects or other serious heart disease. Your child’s healthcare provider should check your child carefully for heart problems before starting treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Tell your child’s healthcare provider if your child has any heart problems, heart disease, or heart defects. Call your child’s healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if your child has any signs of heart problems such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. • Increased blood pressure and heart rate. Your child’s healthcare provider should check your child’s blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. • Mental (psychiatric) problems, including: o new or worse behavior and thought problems o new or worse bipolar illness o new psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices or seeing or believing things that are not real) or new manic symptoms Tell your child’s healthcare provider about any mental problems your child has, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression. Call your child’s healthcare provider right away if your child has any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, especially hearing voices, seeing or believing things that are not real, or new manic symptoms. What are methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant prescription medicine used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children 6 years to 17 years of age. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in people with ADHD. It is not known if methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are safe and effective in children under 6 years of age. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are a federally controlled substance (CII) because it contains methamphetamine that can be a target for people who abuse prescription medicines or street drugs. Keep methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place to protect it from theft. Never give your methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to anyone else because it may cause death or harm them. Selling or giving away methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may harm others and is against the law. Do not take methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets if your child is: • allergic to amphetamine or any of the ingredients in methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. • taking, or has stopped taking within the past 14 days, a medicine used to treat depression called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Before taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, tell your child’s healthcare provider about all your child’s medical conditions, including if your child: • has heart problems, heart disease, heart defects, or high blood pressure • has mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness or depression, or a family history of suicide bipolar illness, or depression • has circulation problems in fingers and toes • has kidney problems • have or had repeated movements or sounds (tics) or Tourette’s syndrome, or have a family history of tics or Tourette’s syndrome • is pregnant or plans to become pregnant. It is not known if methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets will harm the unborn baby. o There is a pregnancy registry for females who are exposed to methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets during pregnancy. The purpose of the registry is to collect information about the health of females exposed to methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and their baby. If your child becomes pregnant during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, talk to your child’s healthcare provider about registering with the National Pregnancy Registry for Psychostimulants. You can register by calling 1-866-961-2388 or by visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-researchprograms/pregnancyregistry/othermedications/ • is breastfeeding or plans to breastfeed. Methamphetamine hydrochloride passes into breast milk. Your child should not breastfeed during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Talk to your child’s healthcare provider about the best way to feed the baby during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Tell your child’s healthcare provider about all of the medicines that your child takes including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be changed during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Your child’s healthcare provider will decide whether methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets can be taken with other medicines. Especially tell your child’s healthcare provider if your child takes: • medicines used to treat migraine headaches known as triptans • tricyclic antidepressants • fentanyl • lithium • tramadol • tryptophan • buspirone • St. John’s Wort • medicines used to treat mood, anxiety, psychotic or thought disorders, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Ask your child’s healthcare provider if you are not sure if your child takes any of these medicines. Know the medicines your child takes. Keep a list of your child’s medicines with you to show your child’s healthcare provider and pharmacist. Do not start any new medicine during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets without talking to your child’s healthcare provider first. How should methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets be taken? • Take methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets exactly as prescribed. • Your child’s healthcare provider may change the dose or have your child stop taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets if needed. • Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are usually taken 1 or 2 times each day. Avoid taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets late in the evening because it may cause sleep problems. If your child takes too many methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, call your child’s healthcare provider or Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222 or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. What are possible side effects of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may cause serious side effects, including: • See “ What is the most important information I should know about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? ” • Slowing of growth (height and weight) in children. Children should have their height and weight checked often during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets treatment may be stopped if your child is not growing or gaining weight. • Circulation problems in fingers and toes (peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon). Signs and symptoms may include: o fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful o fingers or toes may change color from pale, to blue, to red Tell your child’s healthcare provider if your child has numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in your fingers or toes or if your child has any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. • Serotonin syndrome. This problem may happen when methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are taken with certain other medicines and may be life-threatening. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room if you have any of the following symptoms of serotonin syndrome: o agitation, hallucinations, coma o changes in blood pressure o high body temperature o dizziness o sweating or fever o muscle stiffness or tightness o fast heartbeat o flushing o seizures o nausea, vomiting, diarrhea o loss of coordination o confusion • New or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child get any new or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. The most common side effects with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets include: • fast heartbeat or heart beating harder than normal • dizziness • trouble sleeping • shaking • headache • diarrhea • dry mouth These are not all the possible side effects of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Call your child’s healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? • Store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.] • Store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place like a locked cabinet. Protect from light. • Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets by a medicine take-back program at a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) authorized collection site. If no take-back program or DEA authorized collector is available, mix methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with an undesirable, nontoxic substance such as dirt, cat litter, or used coffee grounds to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag and throw away methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in the household trash. Visit www.fda.gov/drugdisposal for additional information on disposal of unused medicines. Keep methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children. General information about the safe and effective use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets for a condition for which they were not prescribed. Do not give methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that your child has. They may harm them and it is against the law. You can ask your child’s pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets that is written for healthcare professionals. What are the ingredients in methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets? Active Ingredient: methamphetamine hydrochloride, USP Inactive Ingredients: crospovidone, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. For more information about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, go to www.hikma.com or call Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. at 1-800-962-8364. Distributed by: Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922 C50000760/04 This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Revised: 09/2024"],"boxed_warning":["Methamphetamine has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine, can result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] , and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing methamphetamine, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks, proper storage of the drug, and proper disposal of any unused drug. Throughout methamphetamine treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 )] . WARNING: ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Methamphetamine has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine, can result in overdose and death. ( 5.1 , 9.2 , 10 ): • Before prescribing methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. • Educate patients and their families about these risks, proper storage of each drug, and proper disposal of any unused drug. • Throughout treatment, reassess each patient’s risk and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction."],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 years and over to determine whether elderly subjects respond differently from younger subjects."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets for the treatment of ADHD have been established in pediatric patients aged 6 years and older. The safety and effectiveness of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets have not been established in pediatric patients younger than 6 years old. Growth Suppression Growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] ."],"effective_time":"20240930","pharmacodynamics":["12.2 Pharmacodynamics Amphetamines block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Methamphetamine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Elimination Metabolism The primary site of metabolism is in the liver by aromatic hydroxylation, N-dealkylation and deamination. At least seven metabolites have been identified in the urine. The biological half-life has been reported in the range of 4 to 5 hours. Excretion Excretion occurs primarily in the urine and is dependent on urine pH. Alkaline urine will significantly increase the drug half-life. Approximately 62% of an oral dose is eliminated in the urine within the first 24 hours with about one-third as intact drug and the remainder as metabolites."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: • Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 , 9.3 )] • Hypersensitivity to amphetamine products or other ingredients of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets [see Contraindications ( 4 )] • Hypertensive Crisis When Used Concomitantly with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] • Risks to Patient with Serious Cardiac Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] • Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] • Psychiatric Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] • Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] • Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s Phenomenon [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] • Seizures [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] • Serotonin Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] • Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] The following adverse reactions associated with the use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets were identified in clinical trials or postmarketing reports. Because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Cardiovascular: Elevation of blood pressure, tachycardia and palpitation. Fatal cardiorespiratory arrest has been reported, mostly in the context of abuse/misuse Central Nervous System: Psychotic episodes reported at recommended doses. Dizziness, dysphoria, overstimulation, euphoria, insomnia, tremor, restlessness and headache. Exacerbation of motor and verbal tics and Tourette’s syndrome Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, constipation, dryness of mouth, unpleasant taste, intestinal ischemia, and other gastrointestinal disturbances Hypersensitivity: Urticaria Endocrine: Impotence and changes in libido; frequent or prolonged erections Musculoskeletal: Rhabdomyolysis Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Suppression of growth has been reported with the long-term use of stimulants in pediatric patients Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Alopecia The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of amphetamines: Allergic: Rash, hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema and anaphylaxis. Serious skin rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported. Cardiovascular: Dyspnea, sudden death, myocardial infarction. There have been isolated reports of cardiomyopathy associated with chronic amphetamine use Central Nervous System: dyskinesia, fatigue, aggression, anger, logorrhea, dermatillomania, and paresthesia (including formication) Eye Disorders: Mydriasis Vascular Disorders: Raynaud’s phenomenon Common adverse reactions include: palpitation, dizziness, insomnia, tremor, headache, diarrhea, dryness of mouth. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are contraindicated in patients with: • known hypersensitivity to amphetamine, or other components of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Hypersensitivity reactions such as angioedema and anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients treated with other amphetamine products [see Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] . • taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or within 14 days following discontinuation of treatment with an MAOIs (including MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue), because of the risk of hypertensive crisis [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . • Known hypersensitivity to amphetamine, or other components of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. ( 4 ) • Concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), or use of an MAOI within the preceding 14 days. ( 4 )"],"drug_interactions":["7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Acidifying and Alkalinizing Agents: Agents that alter GI and urinary pH can alter blood levels of amphetamine. Acidifying agents can decrease amphetamine blood levels, while alkalinizing agents can increase amphetamine blood levels. ( 7.1 ) 7.1 Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets Table 1 presents clinically important drug interactions with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Table 1: Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI) Clinical Impact: MAOI antidepressants slow amphetamine metabolism, increasing amphetamines effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings causing headaches and other signs of hypertensive crisis. Toxic neurological effects and malignant hyperpyrexia can occur, sometimes with fatal results. Intervention: Concomitant use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days after discontinuing MAOI treatment is contraindicated [see Contraindications ( 4 )] . Serotonergic Drugs Clinical Impact: The concomitant use of amphetamines, including methamphetamine, and serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome. Intervention: Initiate methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and the concomitant serotonergic drug(s) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] . Alkalinizing Agents Clinical Impact: Alkalinizing agents may increase exposure to amphetamines and potentiate the action of amphetamine. Intervention: Avoid co-administration of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and gastrointestinal and urinary alkalinizing agents. Acidifying Agents Clinical Impact: Acidifying agents lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines. Intervention: Increase dose of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets based on clinical response. Tricyclic Antidepressants Clinical Impact: May enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents causing sustained increases in the concentration of d-amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated. Intervention: Monitor frequently and adjust methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets dose or use alternative therapy based on clinical response. CYP2D6 Inhibitors Clinical Impact: Concomitant use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of methamphetamine compared to the use of the drug alone, and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Intervention: Start with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome particularly during methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets initiation and after a dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and the CYP2D6 inhibitor [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 )] . Gastric pH Modulators Clinical Impact: Time to maximum concentration (T max ) of amphetamine is decreased compared to when administered alone. Intervention: Monitor patients for changes in clinical effect and use alternative therapy based on clinical response. Guanethidine Clinical Impact: Methamphetamine may decrease the hypotensive effect of guanethidine . Intervention: Monitor patients and adjust therapy based on clinical response. Insulin requirements in diabetes mellitus may be altered in association with the use of methamphetamine and the concomitant dietary regimen. 7.2 Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions Amphetamines can cause a significant elevation in plasma corticosteroid levels. This increase is greatest in the evening. Amphetamines may interfere with urinary steroid determinations."],"spl_medguide_table":["Abuse, misuse, and addiction. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets have a high chance for abuse and misuse and may lead to substance use problems, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, other amphetamine containing medicines, and methylphenidate containing medicines, can lead to overdose and death. The risk of overdose and death is increased with higher doses of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets or when it is used in ways that are not approved, such as snorting or injection.Your healthcare provider should check your child’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction before starting treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and will monitor your child during treatment.Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may lead to physical dependence after prolonged use, even if taken as directed by your healthcare provider.Do not give methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to anyone else. See “What are methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?” for more information.Keep methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place and properly dispose of any unused medicine. See “How should I store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?” for more information.Tell your healthcare provider if your child has ever abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines, or street drugs.Risks for people with serious heart disease. Sudden death has happened in people who have heart defects or other serious heart disease.Your child’s healthcare provider should check your child carefully for heart problems before starting treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Tell your child’s healthcare provider if your child has any heart problems, heart disease, or heart defects.Call your child’s healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if your child has any signs of heart problems such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.Increased blood pressure and heart rate. Your child’s healthcare provider should check your child’s blood pressure and heart rate regularly during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.Mental (psychiatric) problems, including:new or worse behavior and thought problemsnew or worse bipolar illnessnew psychotic symptoms (such as hearing voices or seeing or believing things that are not real) or new manic symptomsTell your child’s healthcare provider about any mental problems your child has, or about a family history of suicide, bipolar illness, or depression.Call your child’s healthcare provider right away if your child has any new or worsening mental symptoms or problems during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, especially hearing voices, seeing or believing things that are not real, or new manic symptoms.allergic to amphetamine or any of the ingredients in methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.taking, or has stopped taking within the past 14 days, a medicine used to treat depression called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).has heart problems, heart disease, heart defects, or high blood pressurehas mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness or depression, or a family history of suicide bipolar illness, or depressionhas circulation problems in fingers and toeshas kidney problemshave or had repeated movements or sounds (tics) or Tourette’s syndrome, or have a family history of tics or Tourette’s syndromeis pregnant or plans to become pregnant. It is not known if methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets will harm the unborn baby.There is a pregnancy registry for females who are exposed to methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets during pregnancy. The purpose of the registry is to collect information about the health of females exposed to methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and their baby. If your child becomes pregnant during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, talk to your child’s healthcare provider about registering with the National Pregnancy Registry for Psychostimulants. You can register by calling 1-866-961-2388 or by visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-researchprograms/pregnancyregistry/othermedications/is breastfeeding or plans to breastfeed. Methamphetamine hydrochloride passes into breast milk. Your child should not breastfeed during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Talk to your child’s healthcare provider about the best way to feed the baby during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.Tell your child’s healthcare provider about all of the medicines that your child takes including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be changed during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Your child’s healthcare provider will decide whether methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets can be taken with other medicines.Especially tell your child’s healthcare provider if your child takes:medicines used to treat migraine headaches known as triptanstricyclic antidepressantsfentanyllithiumtramadoltryptophanbuspironeSt. John’s Wortmedicines used to treat mood, anxiety, psychotic or thought disorders, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)Ask your child’s healthcare provider if you are not sure if your child takes any of these medicines. Know the medicines your child takes. Keep a list of your child’s medicines with you to show your child’s healthcare provider and pharmacist. Do not start any new medicine during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets without talking to your child’s healthcare provider first.Take methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets exactly as prescribed.Your child’s healthcare provider may change the dose or have your child stop taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets if needed.Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are usually taken 1 or 2 times each day. Avoid taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets late in the evening because it may cause sleep problems.If your child takes too many methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, call your child’s healthcare provider or Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222 or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.See “What is the most important information I should know about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?”Slowing of growth (height and weight) in children. Children should have their height and weight checked often during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets treatment may be stopped if your child is not growing or gaining weight.Circulation problems in fingers and toes (peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon). Signs and symptoms may include:fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painfulfingers or toes may change color from pale, to blue, to redTell your child’s healthcare provider if your child has numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in your fingers or toes or if your child has any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.Serotonin syndrome. This problem may happen when methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are taken with certain other medicines and may be life-threatening. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room if you have any of the following symptoms of serotonin syndrome:agitation, hallucinations, comachanges in blood pressurehigh body temperaturedizzinesssweating or fevermuscle stiffness or tightnessfast heartbeatflushingseizuresnausea, vomiting, diarrhealoss of coordinationconfusionNew or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome. Tell your healthcare provider if you or your child get any new or worsening tics or worsening Tourette’s syndrome during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.fast heartbeat or heart beating harder than normaldizzinesstrouble sleepingshakingheadachediarrheadry mouthThese are not all the possible side effects of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.Call your child’s healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.Store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]Store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place like a locked cabinet. Protect from light.Dispose of remaining, unused, or expired methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets by a medicine take-back program at a U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) authorized collection site. If no take-back program or DEA authorized collector is available, mix methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with an undesirable, nontoxic substance such as dirt, cat litter, or used coffee grounds to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag and throw away methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in the household trash. Visit www.fda.gov/drugdisposal for additional information on disposal of unused medicines.Keep methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.
MEDICATION GUIDEMethamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets, USP, CII(meth″ am fet′ a meen hye″ droe klor′ ide)Rx only
What is the most important information I should know about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may cause serious side effects, including:
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What are methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant prescription medicine used for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children 6 years to 17 years of age. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in people with ADHD.It is not known if methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are safe and effective in children under 6 years of age.Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are a federally controlled substance (CII) because it contains methamphetamine that can be a target for people who abuse prescription medicines or street drugs. Keep methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place to protect it from theft. Never give your methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to anyone else because it may cause death or harm them. Selling or giving away methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may harm others and is against the law.
Do not take methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets if your child is:
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Before taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, tell your child’s healthcare provider about all your child’s medical conditions, including if your child:
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How should methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets be taken?
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What are possible side effects of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may cause serious side effects, including:
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The most common side effects with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets include:
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How should I store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?
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General information about the safe and effective use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets.Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets for a condition for which they were not prescribed. Do not give methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that your child has. They may harm them and it is against the law.You can ask your child’s pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets that is written for healthcare professionals.
What are the ingredients in methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets?Active Ingredient: methamphetamine hydrochloride, USPInactive Ingredients: crospovidone, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone.For more information about methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, go to www.hikma.com or call Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. at 1-800-962-8364.Distributed by: Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc.Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922C50000760/04
"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. The exact mode of therapeutic action in the treatment of ADHD is not known."],"controlled_substance":["9.1 Controlled Substance Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets contain methamphetamine hydrochloride, a Schedule II controlled substance."],"recent_major_changes":["Boxed Warning 10/2023 Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 ) 10/2023 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.9 ) 10/2023"],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. The exact mode of therapeutic action in the treatment of ADHD is not known. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Amphetamines block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Methamphetamine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Elimination Metabolism The primary site of metabolism is in the liver by aromatic hydroxylation, N-dealkylation and deamination. At least seven metabolites have been identified in the urine. The biological half-life has been reported in the range of 4 to 5 hours. Excretion Excretion occurs primarily in the urine and is dependent on urine pH. Alkaline urine will significantly increase the drug half-life. Approximately 62% of an oral dose is eliminated in the urine within the first 24 hours with about one-third as intact drug and the remainder as metabolites."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. • Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease: Avoid use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac disease. ( 5.2 ) • Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Monitor blood pressure and pulse. ( 5.3 ) • Psychiatric Adverse Reactions: Prior to initiating methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode. If new psychotic or manic symptoms occur, consider discontinuing methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. ( 5.4 ) • Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients: Closely monitor growth (height and weight) in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients not growing or gaining height or weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted. ( 5.5 ) • Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets treatment. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for patients who develop signs or symptoms of peripheral vasculopathy. ( 5.6 ) • Seizures: May lower the convulsive threshold. If a seizure occurs, discontinue methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. ( 5.7 ) • Serotonin Syndrome: Increased risk when coadministered with serotonergic agents (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans), but also during overdosage situations. If it occurs, discontinue methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and initiate supportive treatment. ( 5.8 ) • Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome: Before initiating methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, assess the family history and clinically evaluate patients for tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Regularly monitor patients for the emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Discontinue treatment if clinically appropriate. ( 5.9 ) 5.1 Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse. The use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets exposes individuals to the risks of abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution [see Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 , 9.3 )] . Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, can result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] , and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks and proper disposal of any unused drug. Advise patients to store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to anyone else. Throughout methamphetamine treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. 5.2 Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Sudden death has been reported in patients with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious cardiac disease who were treated with CNS stimulants at the recommended ADHD dosages. Avoid methamphetamine use in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, or other serious heart problems. 5.3 Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate CNS stimulants cause an increase in blood pressure (mean increase about 2 to 4 mm Hg) and heart rate (mean increase about 3 to 6 bpm). Some patients may have larger increases. Monitor all methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets-treated patients for potential tachycardia and hypertension [see Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] . 5.4 Psychiatric Adverse Reactions Exacerbation of Pre-Existing Psychosis CNS stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder. Induction of a Manic Episode in Patients with Bipolar Illness CNS stimulants may induce a mixed or manic episode in patients with bipolar disorder. Prior to initiating methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets treatment, screen patients for risk factors for developing a manic episode (e.g., comorbid or has a history of depressive symptoms or a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, or depression). New Psychotic or Manic Symptoms CNS stimulants, at recommended doses, may cause psychotic or manic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, or mania) in patients without prior history of psychotic illness or mania. In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies of CNS stimulants, psychotic or manic symptoms occurred in 0.1% of CNS stimulant-treated patients compared to 0% in placebo-treated patients. If such symptoms occur, consider discontinuing methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. 5.5 Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients CNS stimulants have been associated with weight loss and slowing of growth rate in pediatric patients. Closely monitor growth (weight and height) in methamphetamine-treated pediatric patients treated with CNS stimulants. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining height or weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted. 5.6 Peripheral Vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s Phenomenon CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports at different times and at therapeutic doses in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. Signs and symptoms generally improve after reduction in dose or discontinuation of CNS stimulant. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during methamphetamine treatment. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for methamphetamine-treated patients who develop signs or symptoms of peripheral vasculopathy. 5.7 Seizures Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may lower the convulsive threshold in patients with prior history of seizure, in patients with prior EEG abnormalities in the absence of seizures, and in patients without a history of seizures and no prior EEG evidence of seizures. In the presence of seizures, methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets should be discontinued. 5.8 Serotonin Syndrome Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening reaction, may occur when amphetamines are used in combination with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, and St. John’s Wort [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . The coadministration with cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) inhibitors may also increase the risk with increased exposure to methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. In these situations, consider an alternative nonserotonergic drug or an alternative drug that does not inhibit CYP2D6 [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, delirium, and coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, dizziness, diaphoresis, flushing, hyperthermia), neuromuscular symptoms (e.g., tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, incoordination), seizures, and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Concomitant use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with MAOI drugs is contraindicated [see Contraindications ( 4 )] . Discontinue treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and any concomitant serotonergic agents immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment. If concomitant use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with other serotonergic drugs or CYP2D6 inhibitors is clinically warranted, initiate methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with lower doses, monitor patients for the emergence of serotonin syndrome during drug initiation or titration, and inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome. 5.9 Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome CNS stimulants, including amphetamine, have been associated with the onset or exacerbation of motor and verbal tics. Worsening of Tourette’s syndrome has also been reported [see Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] . Before initiating methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, assess the family history and clinically evaluate patients for tics or Tourette’s syndrome. Regularly monitor methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets-treated patients for the emergence or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome, and discontinue treatment if clinically appropriate."],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenicity and Mutagenesis Carcinogenicity, mutagenic, or genotoxic potential of methamphetamine has not been fully characterized. Impairment of Fertility There have been no adequate studies performed in animals at current standards to evaluate the effect of methamphetamine treatment on fertility. However, published studies in mice and rats exposed to repeated daily dosing of methamphetamine report irregular estrous cycling and decreased ovarian reserve in females, and decreased sperm density, motility, and percent of sperm with normal morphology in males. The clinical significance of these findings is not clear."],"drug_interactions_table":["
Table 1: Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
Clinical Impact:MAOI antidepressants slow amphetamine metabolism, increasing amphetamines effect on the release of norepinephrine and other monoamines from adrenergic nerve endings causing headaches and other signs of hypertensive crisis. Toxic neurological effects and malignanthyperpyrexia can occur, sometimes with fatal results.
Intervention:Concomitant use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days after discontinuing MAOI treatment is contraindicated [see Contraindications (4)].
Serotonergic Drugs
Clinical Impact:The concomitant use of amphetamines, including methamphetamine, and serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Intervention:Initiate methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome, particularly during methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets initiation or dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and the concomitant serotonergic drug(s) [see Warnings andPrecautions (5.8)].
Alkalinizing Agents
Clinical Impact:Alkalinizing agents may increase exposure to amphetamines and potentiate the action of amphetamine.
Intervention:Avoid co-administration of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and gastrointestinal and urinary alkalinizing agents.
Acidifying Agents
Clinical Impact:Acidifying agents lower blood levels and efficacy of amphetamines.
Intervention:Increase dose of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets based on clinical response.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Clinical Impact:May enhance the activity of tricyclic or sympathomimetic agents causing sustained increases in the concentration of d-amphetamine in the brain; cardiovascular effects can be potentiated.
Intervention:Monitor frequently and adjust methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets dose or use alternative therapy based on clinical response.
CYP2D6 Inhibitors
Clinical Impact:Concomitant use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the exposure of methamphetamine compared to the use of the drug alone, and increase the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Intervention:Start with lower doses and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome particularly during methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets initiation and after a dosage increase. If serotonin syndrome occurs, discontinue methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and the CYP2D6 inhibitor [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)].
Gastric pH Modulators
Clinical Impact:Time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of amphetamine is decreased compared to when administered alone.
Intervention:Monitor patients for changes in clinical effect and use alternative therapy based on clinical response.
Guanethidine
Clinical Impact:Methamphetamine may decrease the hypotensive effect of guanethidine.
Intervention:Monitor patients and adjust therapy based on clinical response.
"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide). Abuse, Misuse, and Addiction Educate patients and their families about the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, which can lead to overdose and death, and proper disposal of any unused drug [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 ), Overdosage ( 10 )] . Advise patients to store methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets in a safe place, preferably locked, and instruct patients to not give methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets to anyone else. Risks to Patients with Serious Cardiac Disease Advise patients that there are potential risks to patients with serious cardiac disease, including sudden death with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets use. Instruct patients to contact a healthcare provider immediately if they develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Increased Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Instruct patients that methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets can cause elevations of their blood pressure and pulse rate and they should be monitored for such effects [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Psychiatric Adverse Risks Advise patients that methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, at recommended doses, may cause psychotic or manic symptoms even in patients without prior history of psychotic symptoms or mania [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] . Long-Term Suppression of Growth in Pediatric Patients Advise patients, family members, and caregivers that methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may cause slowing of growth including weight loss [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] . Circulation problems in fingers and toes (peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon) Instruct patients beginning treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s Phenomenon, and associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red. Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes. Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )] . Seizures Caution patient that methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may lower the convulsive threshold. Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider immediately and to discontinue methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets if a seizure occurs [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] . Serotonin Syndrome Caution patients about the risk of serotonin syndrome with concomitant use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets and other serotonergic drugs including SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans, tricyclic antidepressants, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, tryptophan, buspirone, St. John’s Wort, and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (in particular MAOIs, both those intended to treat psychiatric disorders and also others such as linezolid [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.8 ) and Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Advise patients to contact their healthcare provider or report to the emergency room if they experience signs or symptoms of serotonin syndrome. Motor and Verbal Tics, and Worsening of Tourette’s Syndrome Advise patients that motor and verbal tics and worsening of Tourette’s syndrome may occur during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider if emergence of new tics or worsening of tics or Tourette’s syndrome occurs [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] . Concomitant Medications Advise patients to notify their physicians if they are taking, or plan to take, any prescription or over-the-counter drugs because there is a potential for interactions [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] . Pregnancy Advise patients that there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets during pregnancy. Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Advise patients of the potential fetal effects from the use of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] . Lactation Advise patients not to breastfeed if they are taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.2 )] . Distributed by: Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922 C50000760/04 Revised September 2024"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Administer methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets orally once daily or in two divided doses daily. Avoid administration late in the evening due to the risk of insomnia. ( 2.2 ) • Recommended starting dosage is 5 mg once or twice daily. ( 2.3 ) • Daily dosage may be increased in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals depending on clinical response. ( 2.3 ) • The recommended dosage range is 20 mg to 25 mg daily. ( 2.3 ) 2.1 Pretreatment Screening Prior to treating patients with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, assess: • for the presence of cardiac disease (i.e., perform a careful history, family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia, and physical examination) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . • the family history and clinically evaluate patients for motor or verbal tics or Tourette’s syndrome before initiating methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.9 )] . 2.2 Important Dosing Information Administer methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets orally once daily or in two divided doses daily. Avoid taking methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets late in the evening due to the risk of insomnia. 2.3 Recommended Dosage For pediatric patients 6 years of age and older, the recommended starting dosage is 5 mg methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets once or twice daily. The daily dosage may be increased in increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals based on clinical response of the patient. The recommended dosage range is 20 mg to 25 mg daily. 2.4 Dosage Modifications Due to Drug Interactions Agents that alter urinary pH can impact excretion and alter blood levels of amphetamine. Acidifying agents (e.g., ascorbic acid) decrease blood levels, while alkalinizing agents (e.g., sodium bicarbonate) increase blood levels. Adjust methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets dosage based on clinical response [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] ."],"drug_abuse_and_dependence":["9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 9.1 Controlled Substance Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets contain methamphetamine hydrochloride, a Schedule II controlled substance. 9.2 Abuse Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets have a high potential for abuse and misuse which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels or distribution. Abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a drug, even once, to achieve a desired psychological or physiological effect. Misuse is the intentional use, for therapeutic purposes, of a drug by an individual in a way other than prescribed by a healthcare provider or for whom it was not prescribed. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that may include a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling drug use (e.g., continuing drug use despite harmful consequences, giving a higher priority to drug use than other activities and obligations), and possible tolerance or physical dependence. Misuse and abuse of methamphetamine may cause increased heart rate, respiratory rate, or blood pressure; sweating; dilated pupils; hyperactivity; restlessness; insomnia; decreased appetite; loss of coordination; tremors; flushed skin; vomiting; and/or abdominal pain. Anxiety, psychosis, hostility, aggression, and suicidal or homicidal ideation have also been observed with CNS stimulants abuse and/or misuse. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, can result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] , and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. 9.3 Dependence Physical Dependence Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may produce physical dependence. Physical dependence is a state that develops as a result of physiological adaptation in response to repeated drug use, manifested by withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or a significant dose reduction of a drug. Withdrawal signs and symptoms after abrupt discontinuation or dose reduction following prolonged use of CNS stimulants including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets include dysphoric mood; depression; fatigue; vivid, unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; and psychomotor retardation or agitation. Tolerance Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets may produce tolerance. Tolerance is a physiological state characterized by a reduced response to a drug after repeated administration (i.e., a higher dose of a drug is required to produce the same effect that was once obtained at a lower dose)."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Methamphetamine Hydrochloride METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE METHAMPHETAMINE CROSPOVIDONE (120 .MU.M) MAGNESIUM STEARATE MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE 102 POVIDONE K30 54;681"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Tablets: 5 mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride as a round, white to off-white, biconvex, debossed tablet with “54” on one side and “681” on the other side. Tablets: 5 mg ( 3 )"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS • Pregnancy: May cause fetal harm. ( 8.1 ) • Lactation: Breastfeeding not recommended. ( 8.2 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ADHD medications, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to advise patients to register by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for ADHD Medications at 1-866-961-2388 or visiting online at www.womensmentalhealth.org/research/pregnancyregistry/adhd-medications/. Risk Summary Available data from epidemiologic studies and postmarketing reports on use of methamphetamine and amphetamine in pregnant women over decades of use have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects or miscarriage. Neonates exposed to amphetamines in utero are at risk for withdrawal symptoms following delivery. Adverse pregnancy outcomes including premature delivery and low birth weight have been seen in infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations) . In animals, administration of methamphetamine during organogenesis resulted in developmental toxicity, including neonatal death and fetal malformations, at doses equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) on a mg/m 2 basis. Oral administration of methamphetamine to rats during pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation, or lactation resulted in developmental toxicity in the offspring, including, neonatal mortality and delayed development, at a maternal dose similar to the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Amphetamines, such as methamphetamine, cause vasoconstriction and thereby decrease placental perfusion. In addition, amphetamines can stimulate uterine contractions, increasing the risk of premature delivery. Infants born to mothers taking amphetamines during pregnancy have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. Monitor infants born to mothers taking methamphetamine for symptoms of withdrawal such as feeding difficulties, irritability, agitation, and excessive drowsiness. Data Animal Data Based on published data, methamphetamine administration during the period of organogenesis caused malformations and pup mortality in mammals at doses equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) on a mg/m 2 basis. Oral administration of methamphetamine (0, or 3.75 mg/kg) to pregnant rats during gestation, throughout gestation and lactation, or only during lactation resulted in an increase in neonatal pup mortality. Delayed somatic development (pinna unfolding and eye opening) and impairments in neurobehavioral development (righting reflex, incline plane test, and forelimb grip strength) were observed in the pups. The dose with adverse effects was equivalent to the MRHD of 25 mg on a mg/m 2 basis. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Based on limited case reports in the published literature, methamphetamine and its active metabolite, amphetamine, are present in human milk. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant. Long-term neurodevelopmental effects on infants from amphetamine exposure are unknown. It is possible that large doses of amphetamine might interfere with milk production, especially in women whose lactation is not well established. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets for the treatment of ADHD have been established in pediatric patients aged 6 years and older. The safety and effectiveness of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets have not been established in pediatric patients younger than 6 years old. Growth Suppression Growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, including methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets. Pediatric patients who are not growing or gaining weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] . 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 years and over to determine whether elderly subjects respond differently from younger subjects."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PACKAGE/LABEL PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 0054- 0389 -25 100 Tablets Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Tablets, USP CII 5 mg PHARMACIST: Dispense with attached Medication Guide. Rx only methamphetamine tabs 5mg 100s c50000761-01-k03 bottle label"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenicity and Mutagenesis Carcinogenicity, mutagenic, or genotoxic potential of methamphetamine has not been fully characterized. Impairment of Fertility There have been no adequate studies performed in animals at current standards to evaluate the effect of methamphetamine treatment on fertility. However, published studies in mice and rats exposed to repeated daily dosing of methamphetamine report irregular estrous cycling and decreased ovarian reserve in females, and decreased sperm density, motility, and percent of sperm with normal morphology in males. The clinical significance of these findings is not clear."]},"tags":[{"label":"Amphetamine Anorectic","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter","category":"target"},{"label":"SLC6A2","category":"gene"},{"label":"SLC6A3","category":"gene"},{"label":"SLC6A4","category":"gene"},{"label":"N06BA03","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Tablet","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Mature","category":"status"},{"label":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","category":"indication"},{"label":"Obesity","category":"indication"},{"label":"Ajenat Pharms","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1940s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Membrane Transport Modulators","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sympathomimetics","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":["Methamphetamine has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine, can result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] , and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing methamphetamine, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and their families about these risks, proper storage of the drug, and proper disposal of any unused drug. Throughout methamphetamine treatment, reassess each patient’s risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Drug Abuse and Dependence ( 9.2 )] . WARNING: ABUSE, MISUSE, AND ADDICTION See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Methamphetamine has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine, can result in overdose and death. ( 5.1 , 9.2 , 10 ): • Before prescribing methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. • Educate patients and their families about these risks, proper storage of each drug, and proper disposal of any unused drug. • Throughout treatment, reassess each patient’s risk and frequently monitor for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction."],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"265 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG ABUSE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"229 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DEATH","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"86 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"COMPLETED SUICIDE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"84 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"CARDIAC ARREST","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"70 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INTERACTION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"67 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"RESPIRATORY ARREST","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"64 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OVERDOSE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"49 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"SUBSTANCE ABUSE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"49 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ARREST","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"47 reports"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/ioflupane-i-123","drug":"Ioflupane I-123","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Ioflupane I-123","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"ioflupane-i-123"},{"url":"/drug/pargyline","drug":"pargyline","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Pargyline","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"pargyline"},{"url":"/drug/phenelzine","drug":"phenelzine","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Phenelzine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenelzine"},{"url":"/drug/tranylcypromine","drug":"tranylcypromine","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Tranylcypromine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"tranylcypromine"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Rhabdomyolysis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Suppression of growth","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Cardiovascular: Fatal cardiorespiratory arrest","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Psychotic episodes","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Elevation of blood pressure","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Tachycardia and palpitation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Dysphoria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Overstimulation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Euphoria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Insomnia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Tremor","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Restlessness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Exacerbation of motor and phonic tics and Tourettes syndrome","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Constipation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Dryness of mouth","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Unpleasant taste","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Urticaria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Impotence","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Changes in libido","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Frequent or prolonged erections","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"},{"effect":"Alopecia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"mild"}],"contraindications":["Acute exacerbation of asthma","Aggressive behavior","Alcoholism","Anemia","Anorexia nervosa","Arteriosclerotic vascular disease","Bipolar disorder","Breastfeeding (mother)","Cardiomyopathy","Cardiovascular event risk","Cerebrovascular accident","Chronic heart failure","Chronic obstructive lung disease","Conduction disorder of the heart","Dependent drug abuse","Depressive disorder","Disease of liver","Disorder of cardiovascular system","Disorder of coronary artery","Feeling agitated","Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","Glaucoma","Hepatic coma","Hepatic encephalopathy","Hepatic failure"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Pregnancy Category C. Methamphetamine has been shown to have teratogenic and embryocidal effects in mammals given high multiples of the human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. DESOXYN tablets should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Nonteratogenic effects: Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.","Geriatric use":"Clinical Studies of DESOXYN did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 years and over to determine whether elderly subjects respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.","Paediatric use":"Long-term effects of methamphetamine in children have not been established (see WARNINGS). Drug treatment is not indicated in all cases of the behavioral syndrome characterized by moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability and impulsivity. It should be considered only in light of the complete history and evaluation of the child. The decision to prescribe DESOXYN tablets should depend on the physicians assessment of the chronicity and severity of the condition. In general, the effectiveness of stimulant drugs for long-term use has not been systematically evaluated in controlled trials."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Ajenat Pharms","patents":[],"pricing":[{"market":"United States","source":"CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC)","asOfDate":"2024-10-23","unitCost":"$8.2090/EA","priceType":"NADAC","sourceUrl":"https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/4j6z-xnwq","annualCost":"$2,996","description":"METHAMPHETAMINE 5 MG TABLET","retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=METHAMPHETAMINE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:23.796845+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:33.997002+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:32.293586+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:22.857119+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=METHAMPHETAMINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:32.670960+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:21.271255+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (boxed_warning)","rawText":"Methamphetamine has a high potential for abuse and misuse, which can lead to the development of a substance use disorder, including addiction. Misuse and abuse of CNS stimulants, including methamphetamine, can result in overdose and death [see Overdosage ( 10 )] , and this risk is increased with higher doses or unapproved methods of administration, such as snorting or injection. Before prescribing methamphetamine, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction. Educate patients and ","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:21.271296+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:34.496010+00:00"},"mechanism.oneSentence":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"12.1 Mechanism of Action Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. The exact mode of therapeutic action in the treatment of ADHD is not known.","confidence":0.95,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:43.075832+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL508/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:33.521234+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"ANDA203846","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:21.271301+00:00"}},"allNames":"desoxyn","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["methamphetamine","(S)-Methamphetamine","methylamphetamine","D-Methylamphetamine","methamphetamine hydrochloride","metamfetamine","methamphetamine HCl"],"timeline":[{"date":"1943-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from RECORDATI RARE to Ajenat Pharms"},{"date":"1943-12-31","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Recordati Rare)"}],"aiSummary":"Desoxyn (methamphetamine) is a small molecule amphetamine anorectic that targets the sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter. Originally developed by Recordati Rare and currently owned by Ajenat Pharms, it was FDA-approved in 1943 for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. As an off-patent medication, Desoxyn is available as a generic from multiple manufacturers. Key safety considerations include its potential for abuse and dependence. Commercially, Desoxyn is available as a generic medication.","approvals":[{"date":"1943-12-31","orphan":false,"company":"RECORDATI RARE","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Desoxyn","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amfetamine","slug":"amfetamine","company":"Ucb Inc"},{"name":"atomoxetine","slug":"atomoxetine","company":"Lilly"},{"name":"clonidine","slug":"clonidine","company":"Boehringer Ingelheim"},{"name":"dexamfetamine","slug":"dexamfetamine","company":"Ucb Inc"}],"globalPrevalence":130000000},{"indication":"Obesity","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amfetamine","slug":"amfetamine","company":"Ucb Inc"},{"name":"benzphetamine","slug":"benzphetamine","company":"Pharmacia And Upjohn"},{"name":"bupropion","slug":"bupropion","company":"Glaxosmithkline"},{"name":"chlorphentermine","slug":"chlorphentermine","company":"Parke Davis"}],"globalPrevalence":890000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter","novelty":"First-in-class","targets":[{"gene":"SLC6A2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter"},{"gene":"SLC6A3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter"},{"gene":"SLC6A4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter"},{"gene":"ADRA2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"ADRA2C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"TAAR1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1","protein":"Trace amine-associated receptor 1"},{"gene":"ADRA2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"SIGMAR1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1","protein":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1"},{"gene":"HTR2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B","protein":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B"}],"modality":"Small molecule","drugClass":"Amphetamine Anorectic","explanation":"Amphetamines act as non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines, which means they mimic the effects of substances like adrenaline but do not contain catechol groups. They have central nervous system stimulant properties, though the exact mechanism for treating ADHD is unknown.","oneSentence":"Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity.","technicalDetail":"Desoxyn acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (NET), increasing the concentration of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft and enhancing its effects on the central nervous system.","_target_confidence":0.5},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine","title":"Methamphetamine","extract":"Methamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is primarily used as a recreational or performance-enhancing drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has also been researched as a potential treatment for traumatic brain injury. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine. Methamphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical substance, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine in their pure amine forms, but the hydrochloride salt, commonly called crystal meth, is widely used. Methamphetamine is rarely prescribed over concerns involving its potential for misuse as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant, among other concerns, as well as the availability of other drugs with comparable effects and treatment efficacy such as dextroamphetamine and lisdexamfetamine. While pharmaceutical formulations of methamphetamine in the United States are labeled as methamphetamine hydrochloride, they contain dextromethamphetamine as the active ingredient. Dextromethamphetamine is a stronger CNS stimulant than levomethamphetamine."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1943","revenueYear":2025,"_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1943-12-31, RECORDATI RARE)","annualRevenue":172,"revenueSource":"Teva 2026-02-03 (verified from SEC filing)","revenueCurrency":"USD","revenueConfidence":"high"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1732","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=METHAMPHETAMINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=METHAMPHETAMINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T14:21:31.561731","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:44.933728+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"amfetamine","drugSlug":"amfetamine","fdaApproval":"1955-09-09","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dexamfetamine","drugSlug":"dexamfetamine","fdaApproval":"1955-09-09","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methylphenidate","drugSlug":"methylphenidate","fdaApproval":"1955-12-05","patentExpiry":"Jun 5, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"pemoline","drugSlug":"pemoline","fdaApproval":"1975-01-27","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"modafinil","drugSlug":"modafinil","fdaApproval":"1998-12-24","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"atomoxetine","drugSlug":"atomoxetine","fdaApproval":"2002-11-26","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dexmethylphenidate","drugSlug":"dexmethylphenidate","fdaApproval":"2001-11-13","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lisdexamfetamine","drugSlug":"lisdexamfetamine","fdaApproval":"2007-02-23","patentExpiry":"Aug 30, 2040","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"armodafinil","drugSlug":"armodafinil","fdaApproval":"2007-06-05","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"solriamfetol","drugSlug":"solriamfetol","fdaApproval":"2019-03-20","patentExpiry":"Sep 5, 2037","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"serdexmethylphenidate","drugSlug":"serdexmethylphenidate","fdaApproval":"2021-03-02","relationship":"same-class"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/4j6z-xnwq","name":"CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC)","fields":["pricing"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"methamphetamine","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":406506008,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":10000000,"globalPrevalence":130000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Lancet Psychiatry, 2023"},{"name":"Obesity","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":414916001,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":100000000,"globalPrevalence":890000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 2024"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Ajenat Pharms","drugCategory":"mature","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"amfetamine","brandName":"amfetamine","genericName":"amfetamine","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"dexamfetamine","brandName":"dexamfetamine","genericName":"dexamfetamine","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methylphenidate","brandName":"methylphenidate","genericName":"methylphenidate","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"pemoline","brandName":"pemoline","genericName":"pemoline","approvalYear":"1975","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"modafinil","brandName":"modafinil","genericName":"modafinil","approvalYear":"1998","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"atomoxetine","brandName":"atomoxetine","genericName":"atomoxetine","approvalYear":"2002","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"dexmethylphenidate","brandName":"dexmethylphenidate","genericName":"dexmethylphenidate","approvalYear":"2001","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lisdexamfetamine","brandName":"lisdexamfetamine","genericName":"lisdexamfetamine","approvalYear":"2007","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"armodafinil","brandName":"armodafinil","genericName":"armodafinil","approvalYear":"2007","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"solriamfetol","brandName":"solriamfetol","genericName":"solriamfetol","approvalYear":"2019","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06746831","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Methamphetamine Isomer Pharmacology in Humans","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","startDate":"2026-04","conditions":["Methamphetamine"],"enrollment":17,"completionDate":"2028-03"},{"nctId":"NCT06532370","phase":"NA","title":"Implementing a Contingency Management Program Addressing Methamphetamine Use For and With the People of Hawaii","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Queen's Medical Center","startDate":"2024-10-10","conditions":["Contingency Managment","Methamphetamine Use Disorder"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2025-12-30"},{"nctId":"NCT07479771","phase":"NA","title":"tTIS Targeted of the Striatum as an Intervention for MUD Patients","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shanghai Mental Health Center","startDate":"2026-03-26","conditions":["Amphetamine Use Disorders"],"enrollment":60,"completionDate":"2026-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT06852170","phase":"NA","title":"Data2Action Oregon Project: Supporting Data-driven Decision-Making for Substance Use Services, Policy, and Overdose Prevention","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chestnut Health Systems","startDate":"2025-02-06","conditions":["Substance Abuse","Decision Making, Shared","Implementation Science","Decision Making","Organizations","Substance-related Disorders","Policy"],"enrollment":341,"completionDate":"2028-08-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07464873","phase":"","title":"Reliability, Validity, and Acceptability of a Novel Visual Scale for Estimating Daily Methamphetamine Use Among People Who Use Methamphetamine","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Phillip Coffin, MD, MIA","startDate":"2026-03-15","conditions":["Methamphetamine Disorders"],"enrollment":100,"completionDate":"2026-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT07459244","phase":"","title":"ECG Findings in Methamphetamine Use","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","startDate":"2025-04-07","conditions":["Methamphetamine Use Disorder","Methamphetamine Induced Psychosis"],"enrollment":240,"completionDate":"2026-05-11"},{"nctId":"NCT07459270","phase":"","title":"Psychiatric Symptom Characteristics in Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis With and Without Lifetime Cannabis Use","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","startDate":"2026-03-16","conditions":["Methamphetamine Induced Psychosis","Cannabis Use"],"enrollment":90,"completionDate":"2026-11-23"},{"nctId":"NCT07459257","phase":"","title":"Psychiatric Symptom Predictors in Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","startDate":"2025-02-03","conditions":["Methamphetamine Induced Psychosis"],"enrollment":150,"completionDate":"2026-08-17"},{"nctId":"NCT05783817","phase":"PHASE2","title":"MDMA-Assisted CBT for OCD (MDMA-CBT4OCD Study)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Carolyn Rodriguez","startDate":"2025-09-10","conditions":["Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder"],"enrollment":40,"completionDate":"2026-12-01"},{"nctId":"NCT06712446","phase":"NA","title":"A Pilot Study of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Plus Episodic Future Thinking for Methamphetamine Use Disorder","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston","startDate":"2025-03-26","conditions":["Methamphetamine Use Disorder"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2026-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT07450027","phase":"","title":"LRFN5 and OLFM4 in Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital","startDate":"2025-09-01","conditions":["Methamphetamine Use Disorder","Methamphetamine-induced Psychosis"],"enrollment":120,"completionDate":"2026-04-01"},{"nctId":"NCT04264741","phase":"NA","title":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Methadone Maintenance Therapy Combined With Methamphetamine Abuse","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shanghai Mental Health 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