{"id":"metformin-small-pack","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"20–30","effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort)"},{"rate":"3–5","effect":"Metallic taste"},{"rate":"10–30","effect":"Vitamin B12 deficiency (with long-term use)"},{"rate":"<0.1","effect":"Lactic acidosis (rare, in renal impairment)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Metformin is a biguanide that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which suppresses gluconeogenesis in the liver and enhances glucose uptake and utilization in muscle and adipose tissue. It does not stimulate insulin secretion, making it weight-neutral and suitable for use across a range of patient populations. The 'Small Pack' designation refers to a lower-dose or smaller-quantity formulation for convenient dosing.","oneSentence":"Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, lowering blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:54:40.773Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01817777","phase":"PHASE4","title":"An Open Study to Evaluate Whether Pack Size Affects Compliance of Metformin Treatment in Subjects With Type II Diabetes","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"GlaxoSmithKline","startDate":"2013-05","conditions":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","enrollment":31},{"nctId":"NCT01318564","phase":"","title":"Diabetic Treatment Adherence","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"M.D. Anderson Cancer Center","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Endocrine System Diseases","enrollment":28}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Metformin Small Pack","genericName":"Metformin Small Pack","companyName":"GlaxoSmithKline","companyId":"glaxosmithkline","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, thereby lowering blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}