{"id":"metformin-sitagliptin-empaglifozin-pioglitazone","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypoglycemia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance (metformin-related)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Genital mycotic infections (empaglifozin-related)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Fluid retention and weight gain (pioglitazone-related)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Urinary tract infection"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL595","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"356.45"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Metformin is a biguanide that decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves peripheral insulin sensitivity. Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that prolongs GLP-1 and GIP action to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Empaglifozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that promotes renal glucose excretion. Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that activates PPAR-γ to enhance insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue. Together, these agents provide complementary glycemic control through distinct mechanisms.","oneSentence":"This four-drug combination targets multiple pathways in glucose metabolism: metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, sitagliptin enhances incretin signaling, empaglifozin increases urinary glucose excretion, and pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:20:55.881Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (combination therapy)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04271189","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Managing DIabetes Remission After Combined Therapy in EarLy Stage of DiabetEs","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma","startDate":"2020-09-01","conditions":"Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes","enrollment":108}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["POLYCHEM"],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Metformin-Sitagliptin-Empaglifozin-Pioglitazone","genericName":"Metformin-Sitagliptin-Empaglifozin-Pioglitazone","companyName":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma","companyId":"azienda-ospedaliero-universitaria-di-parma","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"This four-drug combination targets multiple pathways in glucose metabolism: metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, sitagliptin enhances incretin signaling, empaglifozin increases urinary glucose excretion, and pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity. Used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (combination therapy).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}