{"id":"metformin-pioglitazone-pill","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance (nausea, diarrhea)"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Weight gain"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Fluid retention / edema"},{"rate":"null","effect":"Hypoglycemia"},{"rate":"<0.1","effect":"Lactic acidosis (metformin)"},{"rate":"null","effect":"Heart failure exacerbation (pioglitazone)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Metformin is a biguanide that inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue. Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization in target tissues. Together, they provide complementary mechanisms for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.","oneSentence":"This combination reduces blood glucose by decreasing hepatic glucose production (metformin) and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (pioglitazone).","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:54:43.575Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04392557","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Anti-inflammatory Status in DM2 Treated Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Catanzaro","startDate":"2020-07-01","conditions":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","enrollment":36}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Metformin / Pioglitazone Pill","genericName":"Metformin / Pioglitazone Pill","companyName":"University of Catanzaro","companyId":"university-of-catanzaro","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"This combination reduces blood glucose by decreasing hepatic glucose production (metformin) and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (pioglitazone). Used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}