{"id":"mephenytoin","rwe":[{"pmid":"41640344","year":"2025","title":"Identification and functional characterization of 11 novel CYP2C19 variants in the Chinese Han population.","finding":"","journal":"Pharmacogenomics","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41236499","year":"2025","title":"Asymmetric Synthesis of Quaternary Hydantoins via a Palladium-Catalyzed Aza-Heck Cyclization.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40983154","year":"2025","title":"Evaluation of the functional impact of rare CYP2C19 missense variants identified in understudied Populations: An Integrated in silico and in vitro analysis.","finding":"","journal":"Biochemical pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39948102","year":"2025","title":"Disulfidptosis links the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis and immune infiltration in colon adenocarcinoma.","finding":"","journal":"Scientific reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39180739","year":"2024","title":"Cycloadditions of 5-Vinyloxazolidine-2,4-diones: A Straightforward Access to the (Thio)hydantoin Scaffold.","finding":"","journal":"The Journal of organic chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"Anti-epileptic Agent","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Sodium channel alpha subunit","category":"target"},{"label":"SCN10A","category":"gene"},{"label":"SCN11A","category":"gene"},{"label":"SCN1A","category":"gene"},{"label":"N03AB04","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Epilepsy","category":"indication"},{"label":"Epilepsy characterized by intractable complex partial seizures","category":"indication"},{"label":"Localization-related epilepsy","category":"indication"},{"label":"Motor cortex epilepsy","category":"indication"},{"label":"Novartis","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1940s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anticonvulsants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/fluorouracil","drug":"fluorouracil","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Fluorouracil","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"fluorouracil"},{"url":"/drug/levonorgestrel","drug":"levonorgestrel","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Norgestrel","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"levonorgestrel"},{"url":"/drug/trimethoprim","drug":"trimethoprim","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Trimethoprim","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"trimethoprim"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Novartis","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=MEPHENYTOIN","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:20:07.199291+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:20:12.809884+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=MEPHENYTOIN","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:20:13.413479+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Sodium channel alpha subunit blocker","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:20:14.467503+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL861/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:20:14.128488+00:00"}},"allNames":"mesantoin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["mephenytoin","DL-Mephenytoin","epiazin","fenantoin","mesantoin","mesdontoin","mesontoin","methoin","methylphenetoin","phenantoin","phenylethylmethylhydantoin"],"timeline":[{"date":"1946-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from NOVARTIS to Novartis"},{"date":"1946-10-23","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Novartis)"}],"aiSummary":"Mesantoin (mephenytoin) is a small molecule anti-epileptic agent developed by Novartis, targeting the sodium channel alpha subunit. It was FDA-approved in 1946 for the treatment of epilepsy, including intractable complex partial seizures and localization-related epilepsy. As an off-patent medication, it is no longer protected by active patents, allowing for generic manufacturers. However, there are currently no generic manufacturers available. 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Molecule","drugClass":"Anti-epileptic Agent","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Mesantoin exerts its antiepileptic effects by selectively blocking the voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of seizures."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1946","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1946-10-23, NOVARTIS)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1695","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=MEPHENYTOIN","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=MEPHENYTOIN","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange 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