{"id":"mephentermine","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"Indirectly Acting Sympathomimetic Amines","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"ADRA1A","category":"gene"},{"label":"C01CA11","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Hypotension Secondary to Spinal Anesthesia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Low blood pressure","category":"indication"},{"label":"Prevention of Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Baxter Hlthcare Corp","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1950s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic alpha-Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sympathomimetics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Vasoconstrictor Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/pargyline","drug":"pargyline","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Pargyline","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"pargyline"},{"url":"/drug/phenelzine","drug":"phenelzine","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Phenelzine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenelzine"},{"url":"/drug/tranylcypromine","drug":"tranylcypromine","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Tranylcypromine","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"tranylcypromine"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Baxter","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=MEPHENTERMINE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:14.939272+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mephentermine","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:23.072506+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:31.007926+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:21.621217+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=MEPHENTERMINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:21.929793+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Adrenergic receptor agonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:23.072414+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL3184799/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:22.724894+00:00"}},"allNames":"vialin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["mephentermine","mephine","N-Methylphentermine","vialin","mephentermine sulfate","mephentermine hemisulfate","mephentermine sulphate"],"timeline":[{"date":"1951-12-29","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Baxter Hlthcare Corp)"}],"aiSummary":"Vialin, a mephentermine product marketed by Baxter, is indicated for hypotension secondary to spinal anesthesia and faces competition from several same-class drugs, including off-patent options like dopamine and dobutamine. Its mechanism of action through the alpha-1A adrenergic receptor provides a targeted approach to increasing blood pressure, distinguishing it in the treatment of perioperative hypotension. The primary risk to Vialin's market position is the presence of multiple generic competitors and the upcoming key composition patent expiry in 2028.","approvals":[{"date":"1951-12-29","orphan":false,"company":"BAXTER HLTHCARE CORP","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Vialin","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Hypotension Secondary to Spinal Anesthesia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"phentermine","slug":"phentermine","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Low blood pressure","otherDrugs":[{"name":"dopamine","slug":"dopamine","company":""},{"name":"epinephrine","slug":"epinephrine","company":""},{"name":"metaraminol","slug":"metaraminol","company":""},{"name":"methoxamine","slug":"methoxamine","company":"Glaxosmithkline"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Prevention of Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"phentermine","slug":"phentermine","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"ADRA1A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Indirectly Acting Sympathomimetic Amines","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Vialin acts as an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine by releasing norepinephrine from nerve terminals, which then binds to alpha-1A adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mephentermine","title":"Mephentermine","extract":"Mephentermine, sold under the brand name Wyamine among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which was previously used in the treatment of low blood pressure but is mostly no longer marketed. It is used by injection into a vein or muscle, by inhalation, and by mouth.","wiki_history":"==History==\nMephentermine was first described in the literature and was introduced for medical use under the brand name Wyamine by 1952. It was discontinued in the United States between 2000 and 2004.","wiki_society_and_culture":"==Society and culture==\n===Names===\nMephentermine is the generic name of the drug and its , , and . In the case of the sulfate salt, its  is mephentermine sulfate and its  is mephentermine sulphate. Brand names of mephentermine include Wyamine (), Fentermin (), and Mephentine (). It has been especially encountered in India, the only country in which mephentermine appears to remain available for medical use."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1951","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1951-12-29, BAXTER HLTHCARE CORP)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1694","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=MEPHENTERMINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=MEPHENTERMINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mephentermine","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T14:19:07.726721","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:42:31.008017+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"isoprenaline","drugSlug":"isoprenaline","fdaApproval":"1956-03-09","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"norepinephrine","drugSlug":"norepinephrine","fdaApproval":"1950-07-13","patentExpiry":"Mar 8, 2041","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dopamine","drugSlug":"dopamine","fdaApproval":"1974-02-25","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"phenylephrine","drugSlug":"phenylephrine","fdaApproval":"1952-01-21","patentExpiry":"Sep 26, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dobutamine","drugSlug":"dobutamine","fdaApproval":"1978-07-18","genericCount":10,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic 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protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ephedrine","drugSlug":"ephedrine","fdaApproval":"","patentExpiry":"May 16, 2040","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"droxidopa","drugSlug":"droxidopa","fdaApproval":"2014-02-18","genericCount":16,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"mephentermine","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Hypotension Secondary to Spinal Anesthesia","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Low blood pressure","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":45007003,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Prevention of Hypotension During Spinal Anesthesia","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book 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Developer"}],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","fractionUnbound":"0.871%"},"publicationCount":196,"therapeuticAreas":["Hematology"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"C01CA11","allCodes":["C01CA11"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"originalDeveloper":"Baxter Hlthcare Corp","recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturers":0,"_genericFilersChecked":true,"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"Baxter","companyId":"baxter","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"1951","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":"1951-12-29T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"BAXTER HLTHCARE CORP","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":""},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health 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