{"id":"mepenzolate","rwe":[{"pmid":"41816355","year":"2026","title":"Periodontitis promotes intestinal inflammation through gut microbiota-mediated suppression of GPR109A.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41205580","year":"2025","title":"Topical β-hydroxybutyrate suppresses allergic dermatitis via HCAR2-CaMKK-AMPK-mediated barrier protection.","finding":"","journal":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41135741","year":"2025","title":"Esketamine relieves depressive-like behaviors in MPTP-induced Parkinson disease mice via GPR109A-dependent reduction of neuroinflammation.","finding":"","journal":"Brain research bulletin","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40010029","year":"2025","title":"Sea buckthorn berries alleviate ulcerative colitis via regulating gut Faecalibaculum rodentium-mediated butyrate biosynthesis.","finding":"","journal":"Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"37544378","year":"2023","title":"Niacin modulates depressive-like behavior in experimental colitis through GPR109A-dependent mechanisms.","finding":"","journal":"Life sciences","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"Anticholinergic","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","category":"target"},{"label":"CHRM2","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRM3","category":"gene"},{"label":"SLC22A1","category":"gene"},{"label":"A03AB12","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Gastric ulcer","category":"indication"},{"label":"Peptic ulcer","category":"indication"},{"label":"Sanofi Aventis Us","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1950s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"contraindications":["Atony of colon","Benign prostatic hyperplasia","Bleeding","Chronic heart failure","Conduction disorder of the heart","Disease of liver","Disorder of autonomic nervous system","Disorder of coronary artery","Gastrointestinal obstruction","Glaucoma","Hypertensive disorder","Hyperthyroidism","Kidney disease","Myasthenia gravis","Paralytic ileus","Peptic reflux disease","Tachyarrhythmia","Toxic megacolon","Ulcerative colitis","Urinary tract obstruction"]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Sanofi","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=MEPENZOLATE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:52.494552+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:57.986537+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=MEPENZOLATE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:58.204914+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL524004/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:26:58.902604+00:00"}},"allNames":"cantil","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["mepenzolate","mepenzolon","mepenzolate bromide"],"timeline":[{"date":"1956-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from SANOFI AVENTIS US to Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"date":"1956-11-14","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Sanofi Aventis Us)"}],"aiSummary":"Cantil (mepenzolate) is a small molecule anticholinergic medication originally developed by Sanofi Aventis US and currently owned by the same company. It targets the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 to treat gastric and peptic ulcers. Approved by the FDA in 1956, Cantil is off-patent and has no active Orange Book patents, indicating it is available as a generic medication. However, there are currently no generic manufacturers listed. As an anticholinergic, Cantil works by reducing stomach acid production.","approvals":[{"date":"1956-11-14","orphan":false,"company":"SANOFI AVENTIS US","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Cantil","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Gastric ulcer","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"cimetidine","slug":"cimetidine","company":""},{"name":"famotidine","slug":"famotidine","company":"Valeant Pharms North"},{"name":"lansoprazole","slug":"lansoprazole","company":"Takeda Pharms Usa"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Peptic ulcer","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"chlordiazepoxide","slug":"chlordiazepoxide","company":"Valeant Pharm Intl"},{"name":"dexlansoprazole","slug":"dexlansoprazole","company":"Takeda Pharms Usa"}],"globalPrevalence":64000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"CHRM2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2"},{"gene":"CHRM3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3"},{"gene":"SLC22A1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Solute carrier family 22 member 1","protein":"Solute carrier family 22 member 1"},{"gene":"CHRM1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1"}],"moaClass":"Cholinergic Antagonists","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Anticholinergic","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Cantil exerts its anticholinergic effects by competitively inhibiting the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, thereby reducing parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach and subsequent acid secretion."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1956","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1956-11-14, SANOFI AVENTIS US)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1689","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=MEPENZOLATE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T14:18:53.076657","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:27:00.497100+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"glycopyrronium bromide","drugSlug":"glycopyrronium-bromide","fdaApproval":"1961-08-11","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"oxyphenonium","drugSlug":"oxyphenonium","fdaApproval":"","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"propantheline","drugSlug":"propantheline","fdaApproval":"1953-04-02","genericCount":10,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic 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ulcer","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":13200003,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":64000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2009 (PMID:19220208)"}],"offLabel":[{"name":"Irritable bowel syndrome","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"MEPENZOLATE"}],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Sanofi Aventis Us","drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"glycopyrronium-bromide","brandName":"glycopyrronium bromide","genericName":"glycopyrronium bromide","approvalYear":"1961","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"oxyphenonium","brandName":"oxyphenonium","genericName":"oxyphenonium","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"propantheline","brandName":"propantheline","genericName":"propantheline","approvalYear":"1953","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methanthelinium","brandName":"methanthelinium","genericName":"methanthelinium","approvalYear":"1951","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"tridihexethyl","brandName":"tridihexethyl","genericName":"tridihexethyl","approvalYear":"1954","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"isopropamide","brandName":"isopropamide","genericName":"isopropamide","approvalYear":"1957","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"hexocyclium","brandName":"hexocyclium","genericName":"hexocyclium","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"diphemanil","brandName":"diphemanil","genericName":"diphemanil","approvalYear":"1976","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"_patentsChecked":true,"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000147901","MMSL":"5045","NDDF":"001746","UNII":"ONW3LB39P7","VUID":"4019812","CHEBI":"CHEBI:6752","VANDF":"4018609","INN_ID":"889","RXNORM":"107770","UMLSCUI":"C0360172","chemblId":"CHEMBL524004","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL1724","KEGG_DRUG":"D00720","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB04843","PUBCHEM_CID":"4057","SNOMEDCT_US":"372834001","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"76-90-4","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C005101"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","_offLabelChecked":true,"developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"1956-","companyName":"Sanofi","relationship":"Original Developer"}],"publicationCount":37,"therapeuticAreas":["Gastroenterology"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"A03AB12","allCodes":["A03AB12"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"originalDeveloper":"Sanofi Aventis Us","recentPublications":[{"date":"2026","pmid":"41816355","title":"Periodontitis promotes intestinal inflammation through gut microbiota-mediated suppression of GPR109A.","journal":"Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology"},{"date":"2025 Nov 28","pmid":"41205580","title":"Topical β-hydroxybutyrate suppresses allergic dermatitis via HCAR2-CaMKK-AMPK-mediated barrier protection.","journal":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications"},{"date":"2025 Nov","pmid":"41135741","title":"Esketamine relieves depressive-like behaviors in MPTP-induced Parkinson disease mice via GPR109A-dependent reduction of neuroinflammation.","journal":"Brain research bulletin"},{"date":"2025 Apr","pmid":"40010029","title":"Sea buckthorn berries alleviate ulcerative colitis via regulating gut Faecalibaculum rodentium-mediated butyrate biosynthesis.","journal":"Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology"},{"date":"2023 Oct 1","pmid":"37544378","title":"Niacin modulates depressive-like behavior in experimental colitis through GPR109A-dependent mechanisms.","journal":"Life sciences"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturers":0,"_genericFilersChecked":true,"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"Sanofi Aventis Us","companyId":"sanofi","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"1956","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":"1956-11-14T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"SANOFI AVENTIS US","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":""},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health 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