{"id":"mal","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"common","effect":"Phototoxic reaction / photosensitivity"},{"rate":"common","effect":"Erythema and edema at treatment site"},{"rate":"common","effect":"Burning and stinging sensation during illumination"},{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation"},{"rate":"common","effect":"Crusting and erosion"},{"rate":"<5","effect":"Scarring (rare)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":{"setId":"1a853e47-21a2-40e1-9e64-290af4843b13","title":"FLU HBP MAXIMUM STRENGTH (ACETAMINOPHEN, CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE, DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBR) TABLET, FILM COATED [MEIJER DISTRIBUTION INC]"},"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"MAL is converted intracellularly to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer that localizes preferentially in dysplastic and malignant cells. Upon illumination with red light (typically 630 nm wavelength), it generates singlet oxygen and free radicals that cause direct cell death and vascular damage. This photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach selectively destroys abnormal tissue while sparing surrounding normal tissue.","oneSentence":"MAL (methyl aminolevulinate) is a photosensitizing prodrug that accumulates in abnormal cells and generates reactive oxygen species when activated by red light, destroying target tissue.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:34:18.661Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Actinic keratosis (non-hyperkeratotic, non-pigmented lesions on face and scalp)"},{"name":"Basal cell carcinoma (superficial and nodular)"},{"name":"Bowen's disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05203302","phase":"NA","title":"Novel Coding Strategies for Children With Cochlear Implants","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2018-07-12","conditions":"Deafness","enrollment":190},{"nctId":"NCT05460520","phase":"NA","title":"DevRobust Treatment for Mal de Débarquement Syndrome","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","startDate":"2023-01-01","conditions":"Mal de Débarquement Syndrome","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT07381972","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Photodynamic Therapy Associated With Sonodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo","startDate":"2025-11-24","conditions":"Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma of Skin","enrollment":142},{"nctId":"NCT07304414","phase":"NA","title":"Optokinetic Stimulation in Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: Case Report","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Istanbul Medipol University Hospital","startDate":"2025-10-24","conditions":"Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS)","enrollment":1},{"nctId":"NCT07290959","phase":"NA","title":"Indoor Daylight Photodynamic Therapy is an Effective, First-line Treatment for AK, But Its Feasibility is Limited by the Time Required for the Illumination (2 Hours). 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Seizures","enrollment":185},{"nctId":"NCT02698878","phase":"NA","title":"Unloading Induced Effects on Local Glucose Uptake Into m. 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