{"id":"lofepramine","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"Tricyclic Antidepressants","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter","category":"target"},{"label":"SLC6A2","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRM1","category":"gene"},{"label":"SLC6A4","category":"gene"},{"label":"N06AA07","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Depressive disorder","category":"indication"},{"label":"Antidepressive Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Psychotropic Drugs","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":74.17,"date":"","count":17,"signal":"Restless legs syndrome","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 17 times (LLR=74)"}],"commonSideEffects":[]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=LOFEPRAMINE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:53:49.659065+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lofepramine","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:53:56.928793+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:53:55.556686+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=LOFEPRAMINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:53:55.871175+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL87708/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:53:56.570439+00:00"}},"allNames":"lopramine","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["lofepramine","lopramine","lofepramine hydrochloride","lopramine hydrochloride","WHR-2908A","lofepramine HCl","lopramine HCl"],"timeline":[{"date":"1977-01-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"YEAR INTRODUCED approval"}],"approvals":[{"date":"1977-01-01","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED"}],"brandName":"Lopramine","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Depressive disorder","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amitriptyline","slug":"amitriptyline","company":"Astrazeneca"},{"name":"amoxapine","slug":"amoxapine","company":"Lederle"},{"name":"bupropion","slug":"bupropion","company":"Glaxosmithkline"},{"name":"citalopram","slug":"citalopram","company":"Forest Labs"}],"globalPrevalence":280000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter","targets":[{"gene":"SLC6A2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter"},{"gene":"CHRM1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1"},{"gene":"SLC6A4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter","protein":"Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter"},{"gene":"ADRA1A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"CHRM3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3"},{"gene":"HTR2C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C","protein":"5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C"},{"gene":"CHRM2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2"},{"gene":"CHRM4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4"},{"gene":"HRH1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Histamine H1 receptor","protein":"Histamine H1 receptor"},{"gene":"CHRM5","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Tricyclic Antidepressants","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Lofepramine is a competitive inhibitor of the sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (NET), which is responsible for the reuptake of noradrenaline from the synaptic cleft into the presynaptic neuron."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lofepramine","title":"Lofepramine","extract":"Lofepramine, sold under the brand names Gamanil, Lomont, and Tymelyt among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression. The TCAs are so named as they share the common property of having three rings in their chemical structure. Like most TCAs lofepramine is believed to work in relieving depression by increasing concentrations of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse, by inhibiting their reuptake. It is usually considered a third-generation TCA, as unlike the first- and second-generation TCAs it is relatively safe in overdose and has milder and less frequent side effects.","wiki_history":"==History==\nLofepramine was developed by Leo Läkemedel AB. It first appeared in the literature in 1969 and was patented in 1970.","wiki_society_and_culture":"==Society and culture==\n\n===Generic names===\nLofepramine is the generic name of the drug and its  and , while lofepramine hydrochloride is its , , and . Its generic name in French and its  are lofépramine, in Spanish and Italian and its  are lofepramina, in German is lofepramin, and in Latin is lofepraminum."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1592","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=LOFEPRAMINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lofepramine","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T12:23:24.977741","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T01:53:58.150663+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"desipramine","drugSlug":"desipramine","fdaApproval":"1964-11-20","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"imipramine","drugSlug":"imipramine","fdaApproval":"1959-04-16","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"clomipramine","drugSlug":"clomipramine","fdaApproval":"1989-12-29","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"trimipramine","drugSlug":"trimipramine","fdaApproval":"1979-06-12","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"amitriptyline","drugSlug":"amitriptyline","fdaApproval":"1961-04-07","genericCount":33,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"nortriptyline","drugSlug":"nortriptyline","fdaApproval":"1964-11-06","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"protriptyline","drugSlug":"protriptyline","fdaApproval":"1967-09-27","genericCount":4,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"doxepin","drugSlug":"doxepin","fdaApproval":"1969-09-23","patentExpiry":"Sep 7, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"amoxapine","drugSlug":"amoxapine","fdaApproval":"1980-09-22","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"maprotiline","drugSlug":"maprotiline","fdaApproval":"1980-12-01","genericCount":4,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"lofepramine","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Depressive disorder","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":35489007,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":21000000,"globalPrevalence":280000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"WHO, 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molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Lofepramine is a small molecule medication. It is also known by the synonyms LOFEPRAMINA, LOFEPRAMINE, and LOFEPRAMINE.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"OTHER","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED","status":"approved","approval_date":"1977-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":""},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T01:53:58.150663+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"verificationStatus":"enriching","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":false,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}