{"id":"lithium-succinate","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"lithium succinate","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"D11AX04","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/lisinopril","drug":"lisinopril","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lisinopril, Lithium","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"lisinopril"},{"url":"/drug/losartan","drug":"losartan","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Losartan","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"losartan"},{"url":"/drug/meclofenamic-acid","drug":"meclofenamic acid","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Meclofenamate Sodium","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"meclofenamic-acid"},{"url":"/drug/mefenamic-acid","drug":"mefenamic acid","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Mefenamic Acid","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"mefenamic-acid"},{"url":"/drug/meloxicam","drug":"meloxicam","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Meloxicam","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"meloxicam"},{"url":"/drug/methylclothiazide","drug":"methylclothiazide","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Methyclothiazide","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"methylclothiazide"},{"url":"/drug/metolazone","drug":"metolazone","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Metolazone","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"metolazone"},{"url":"/drug/nabumetone","drug":"nabumetone","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Nabumetone","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"nabumetone"},{"url":"/drug/naproxen","drug":"naproxen","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Naproxen","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"naproxen"},{"url":"/drug/oxaprozin","drug":"oxaprozin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Oxaprozin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"oxaprozin"},{"url":"/drug/perindopril","drug":"perindopril","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Perindopril","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"perindopril"},{"url":"/drug/phenylbutazone","drug":"phenylbutazone","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Phenylbutazone","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenylbutazone"},{"url":"/drug/piroxicam","drug":"piroxicam","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Piroxicam","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"piroxicam"},{"url":"/drug/polythiazide","drug":"polythiazide","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Polythiazide","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"polythiazide"},{"url":"/drug/quinapril","drug":"quinapril","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Quinapril","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"quinapril"},{"url":"/drug/quinethazone","drug":"quinethazone","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Quinethazone","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"quinethazone"},{"url":"/drug/ramipril","drug":"ramipril","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Ramipril","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"ramipril"},{"url":"/drug/sulindac","drug":"sulindac","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Sulindac","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"sulindac"},{"url":"/drug/telmisartan","drug":"telmisartan","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Telmisartan","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"telmisartan"},{"url":"/drug/tolmetin","drug":"tolmetin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Lithium, Tolmetin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"tolmetin"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"efadermin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["lithium succinate","efadermin"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Efadermin","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"lithium succinate","explanation":"In simple terms, efadermin is believed to help regulate the amount of lithium in the body, which can then influence how cells function. This can have a range of effects on the body, but the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood.","oneSentence":"Efadermin is thought to work by modulating lithium levels in the body, which can affect various cellular processes.","technicalDetail":"Lithium succinate is a prodrug that is converted to lithium ions in the body, which can then interact with various ion channels and receptors to modulate cellular signaling pathways."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_succinate","title":"Lithium succinate","extract":"Lithium succinate (C4H4Li2O4), the dilithium salt of succinic acid, is a drug used in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis and proposed for the treatment of anogenital warts."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4590","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=lithium%20succinate","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=lithium succinate","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_succinate","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T12:23:07.746678","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"minoxidil","drugSlug":"minoxidil","fdaApproval":"1979-10-18","genericCount":22,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"calcium gluconate","drugSlug":"calcium-gluconate","fdaApproval":"","patentExpiry":"Jul 25, 2037","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"magnesium sulfate","drugSlug":"magnesium-sulfate","fdaApproval":"1981-10-06","genericCount":12,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"mequinol","drugSlug":"mequinol","fdaApproval":"1999-12-10","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"finasteride","drugSlug":"finasteride","fdaApproval":"1992-06-19","genericCount":17,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"hydroquinone","drugSlug":"hydroquinone","fdaApproval":"2002-01-18","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"pyrithione zinc","drugSlug":"pyrithione-zinc","fdaApproval":"","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"monobenzone","drugSlug":"monobenzone","fdaApproval":"1952-11-10","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"eflornithine","drugSlug":"eflornithine","fdaApproval":"1990-11-28","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"diclofenac","drugSlug":"diclofenac","fdaApproval":"1988-07-28","patentExpiry":"Apr 23, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"brimonidine","drugSlug":"brimonidine","fdaApproval":"1996-09-06","patentExpiry":"Mar 25, 2031","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ivermectin","drugSlug":"ivermectin","fdaApproval":"1996-11-22","patentExpiry":"Mar 13, 2034","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"deoxycholic acid","drugSlug":"deoxycholic-acid","fdaApproval":"2015-04-29","patentExpiry":"May 16, 2028","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"hydrogen peroxide","drugSlug":"hydrogen-peroxide","fdaApproval":"","patentExpiry":"Jul 4, 2035","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"caffeine","drugSlug":"caffeine","fdaApproval":"1948-11-26","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"oxymetazoline","drugSlug":"oxymetazoline","fdaApproval":"1986-05-30","patentExpiry":"May 2, 2028","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"lithium succinate","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"minoxidil","brandName":"minoxidil","genericName":"minoxidil","approvalYear":"1979","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"calcium-gluconate","brandName":"calcium gluconate","genericName":"calcium gluconate","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"magnesium-sulfate","brandName":"magnesium sulfate","genericName":"magnesium sulfate","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"mequinol","brandName":"mequinol","genericName":"mequinol","approvalYear":"1999","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"finasteride","brandName":"finasteride","genericName":"finasteride","approvalYear":"1992","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"hydroquinone","brandName":"hydroquinone","genericName":"hydroquinone","approvalYear":"2002","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"pyrithione-zinc","brandName":"pyrithione zinc","genericName":"pyrithione zinc","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"monobenzone","brandName":"monobenzone","genericName":"monobenzone","approvalYear":"1952","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"eflornithine","brandName":"eflornithine","genericName":"eflornithine","approvalYear":"1990","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"diclofenac","brandName":"diclofenac","genericName":"diclofenac","approvalYear":"1988","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT02893371","phase":"","title":"Longitudinal Comparative Effectiveness of Bipolar Disorder Therapies","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of New Mexico","startDate":"2016-09","conditions":["Bipolar Disorder"],"enrollment":1037352,"completionDate":"2019-06-30"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"004131","RXNORM":"28817","UMLSCUI":"C0065093","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL3707288","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB14508","PUBCHEM_CID":"10197702","SNOMEDCT_US":"395771006","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C038377"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":16,"therapeuticAreas":["Other"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"D11AX04","allCodes":["D11AX04"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"unknown","modality":"Small Molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Efadermin, also known as lithium succinate, is a small molecule drug in the lithium succinate class. Its mechanism of action and target are unknown, and it has not been approved by the FDA for any indications. The commercial status of efadermin is unclear, and it is not known whether it is patented or available as a generic. Further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this compound. As a result, key safety considerations and approved indications are currently unavailable.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":2}}