{"id":"lithium-li","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"25-50","effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Polyuria and polydipsia"},{"rate":"5-30","effect":"Thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism)"},{"rate":"variable","effect":"Renal impairment"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Weight gain"},{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Cognitive dulling"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Lithium toxicity (at high levels)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1201333","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"6.94"},"_dailymed":{"setId":"bd4b07d3-ce42-440f-aec3-19f4d1c445a9","title":"LITHIUM CARBONATE ER (LITHIUM CARBONATE) TABLET [REMEDYREPACK INC.]"},"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Lithium's exact mechanism remains incompletely understood, but it is known to inhibit GSK-3 and affect phosphatidylinositol signaling, leading to changes in gene expression and neuroplasticity. These effects result in mood stabilization and neuroprotection, making it effective in bipolar disorder and depression. The drug also influences serotonin and norepinephrine systems, contributing to its therapeutic effects.","oneSentence":"Lithium modulates intracellular signaling pathways, particularly inhibiting inositol monophosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which alters neurotransmitter activity and neuroprotective processes in the brain.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:52:32.948Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Bipolar I disorder (acute mania and maintenance)"},{"name":"Major depressive disorder (augmentation therapy)"},{"name":"Bipolar depression"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05758545","phase":"NA","title":"Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Treatment With COMS One Device in Subjects With Diabetic Foot Ulcers","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Piomic Medical","startDate":"2023-06-19","conditions":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer","enrollment":450},{"nctId":"NCT07306039","phase":"NA","title":"Feasibility of eLi12","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ole Köhler-Forsberg","startDate":"2025-12-03","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder (BD)","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT04623398","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Effect of Lithium in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (SHANK3 Haploinsufficiency)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","startDate":"2022-02-21","conditions":"Autism Spectrum Disorder","enrollment":22},{"nctId":"NCT07167563","phase":"","title":"Real-world Lithium Intake","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Aarhus","startDate":"2025-07-05","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder (BD)","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT06051539","phase":"NA","title":"Outcomes and Health Economics of Stroke Using Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"MedRhythms, Inc.","startDate":"2023-10-10","conditions":"Chronic Stroke","enrollment":234},{"nctId":"NCT03204513","phase":"NA","title":"Impact of Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis Leg on Everyday Community Mobility and Social Interaction","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab","startDate":"2016-12","conditions":"Transfemoral Amputees","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT05457036","phase":"NA","title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Spry Belt Treatment on Bone Turnover Marker Profile","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bone Health Technologies, Inc.","startDate":"2022-09-01","conditions":"Osteopenia, Low Bone Density","enrollment":94},{"nctId":"NCT06370910","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison Low-Level Laser Therapy With Cryotherapy in Parturients With Laceration and/or Episiotomy on Pain Reduction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul","startDate":"2023-08-01","conditions":"Episiotomy; 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Used for Bipolar I disorder (acute mania and maintenance), Major depressive disorder (augmentation therapy), Bipolar depression.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}