{"id":"lithium-carbonate-pill","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"25-50%","effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":"20-40%","effect":"Polyuria and polydipsia"},{"rate":"5-30%","effect":"Thyroid dysfunction"},{"rate":"20-30%","effect":"Weight gain"},{"rate":"10-20%","effect":"Cognitive impairment"},{"rate":"10-20%","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Renal impairment"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1200826","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"73.89"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Lithium acts through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of GSK-3β, which affects Wnt signaling and neuroplasticity, and depletion of inositol through inhibition of inositol monophosphatase, affecting phosphatidylinositol signaling. These effects enhance neuroprotection, promote neurogenesis, and modulate neurotransmitter systems including serotonin and norepinephrine, resulting in mood stabilization.","oneSentence":"Lithium carbonate modulates intracellular signaling pathways, particularly inhibiting inositol monophosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which stabilizes mood and reduces manic and depressive episodes.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:52:35.377Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Bipolar disorder, manic episodes"},{"name":"Bipolar disorder, maintenance treatment"},{"name":"Major depressive disorder, augmentation therapy"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07167563","phase":"","title":"Real-world Lithium Intake","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Aarhus","startDate":"2025-07-05","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder (BD)","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05618587","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effect of Lithium Therapy on Long COVID Symptoms","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"State University of New York at Buffalo","startDate":"2022-11-28","conditions":"Long COVID","enrollment":52},{"nctId":"NCT02862210","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Low-Dose Lithium for the Treatment of Behavioral Symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Columbia University","startDate":"2017-01-27","conditions":"Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)","enrollment":17},{"nctId":"NCT06662526","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Lithium for Prevention of Cognitive Declining in Mood Illnesses","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Chile","startDate":"2024-11-01","conditions":"Dementia, Bipolar Disorder (BD), Depression - Major Depressive Disorder","enrollment":250},{"nctId":"NCT04826510","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Peropirone Hydrochloride Tablets in the Treatment of Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Depression","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shanghai Mental Health Center","startDate":"2020-11-25","conditions":"Depressive Disorder","enrollment":189},{"nctId":"NCT00961961","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Prevention of Relapse & Recurrence of Bipolar Depression","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Pennsylvania","startDate":"2009-07-01","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder","enrollment":177},{"nctId":"NCT02967653","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Atorvastatin for the Treatment of Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lady Davis Institute","startDate":"2017-07-13","conditions":"Lithium Use, Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT03204500","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dual Treatment With Lithium and Valproate in ALS.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"El Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia Manuel Velasco Suarez","startDate":"2016-05","conditions":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Sporadic","enrollment":43},{"nctId":"NCT01880593","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Ketamine Plus Lithium in Treatment-Resistant Depression","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","startDate":"2013-07","conditions":"Depression","enrollment":34},{"nctId":"NCT00183443","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Treatment of Mania Symptoms With Drug Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research","startDate":"2005-02","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT01797575","phase":"PHASE2","title":"N-Acetyl Cysteine and Aspirin as an Adjunctive Treatment for Bipolar Disorder","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder","enrollment":38},{"nctId":"NCT00194129","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Lithium and Divalproex for the Treatment of Comorbid Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder and Substance Abuse Disorder","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center","startDate":"1997-11","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder","enrollment":31},{"nctId":"NCT01385709","phase":"","title":"The Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Lithium and Sertraline Blood Levels","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Weill Medical College of Cornell University","startDate":"2008-08","conditions":"Bipolar Affective Disorders, Cyclothymic Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder","enrollment":29},{"nctId":"NCT00893581","phase":"NA","title":"Multimodal Neuroimaging of Treatment Effects in Adolescent Mania","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Cincinnati","startDate":"2009-03","conditions":"Mania, Bipolar Disorder","enrollment":169},{"nctId":"NCT01977300","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Atypical Antipsychotics for Continuation and Maintenance Treatment After an Acute Manic Episode","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of British Columbia","startDate":"2003-01","conditions":"Bipolar I Disorder","enrollment":159},{"nctId":"NCT01189812","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy Study of Citalopram and Lithium for the Treatment of Depressive Mood Disorder Symptoms","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Columbia Northwest Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2010-03","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder, Dysthymia, Depression Not Otherwise Specified","enrollment":80}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":3,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Lithium Carbonate Pill","genericName":"Lithium Carbonate Pill","companyName":"Shanghai Mental Health Center","companyId":"shanghai-mental-health-center","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Lithium carbonate modulates intracellular signaling pathways, particularly inhibiting inositol monophosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which stabilizes mood and reduces manic and depressive episodes. Used for Bipolar disorder, manic episodes, Bipolar disorder, maintenance treatment, Major depressive disorder, augmentation therapy.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}