{"id":"lithium-carbonate-capsule","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"25-50","effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Polyuria and polydipsia"},{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"10-25","effect":"Cognitive dulling"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Weight gain"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Hypothyroidism"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Lithium acts through multiple mechanisms including inhibition of GSK-3β, a key enzyme in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and depletion of inositol through inhibition of inositol monophosphatase. These effects lead to altered phosphatidylinositol signaling and changes in second messenger systems, ultimately modulating monoamine neurotransmission and promoting neuroprotective effects. The drug also influences protein kinase C and other kinase pathways involved in mood regulation and neuroplasticity.","oneSentence":"Lithium carbonate modulates intracellular signaling pathways, particularly inhibiting inositol monophosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which alters neurotransmitter activity and neuroprotective gene expression.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:19:10.185Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Bipolar disorder, acute mania"},{"name":"Bipolar disorder, maintenance treatment"},{"name":"Major depressive disorder, augmentation therapy"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07459959","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"LiO-AD: Lithium Orotate in Alzheimers Disease Feasibility, Biomarker Engagement, and Clinical Response","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2026-06-01","conditions":"Alzheimer s 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Used for Bipolar disorder, acute mania, Bipolar disorder, maintenance treatment, Major depressive disorder, augmentation therapy.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}