{"id":"lithium-augmentation","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"25-50","effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Polyuria and polydipsia"},{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Cognitive impairment"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Weight gain"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Thyroid dysfunction"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Lithium toxicity (at high levels)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1201333","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"6.94"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Lithium is added to existing antidepressant therapy to improve treatment response in patients with major depressive disorder who have shown inadequate response to antidepressants alone. The mechanism involves modulation of intracellular signaling pathways, including inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and effects on protein kinase C, which enhance neuroplasticity and neurotrophic factor expression. This augmentation strategy is particularly effective in treatment-resistant depression.","oneSentence":"Lithium augmentation enhances the efficacy of antidepressant medications by potentiating serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the brain.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:52:35.034Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Major depressive disorder with inadequate response to antidepressant monotherapy"},{"name":"Treatment-resistant depression"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05814640","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Adolescent Depression (STAR-AD)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","startDate":"2023-02-20","conditions":"Depression, Sequestra","enrollment":520},{"nctId":"NCT05531591","phase":"PHASE4","title":"RCT of Brain Longitudinal Biomarker Study (OPT-Neuro RCT)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","startDate":"2019-08-01","conditions":"Depression, Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment","enrollment":87},{"nctId":"NCT00581009","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"The Role of Dopamine Metabolism in the Antidepressant Effects of Sleep Deprivation and Sertraline in Depressed Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of California, Irvine","startDate":"2001-05-30","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder","enrollment":49},{"nctId":"NCT02960763","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Optimizing Outcomes of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Older Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Washington University School of Medicine","startDate":"2017-02-24","conditions":"Treatment Resistant Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Refractory Depression","enrollment":742},{"nctId":"NCT06467474","phase":"NA","title":"Psychoeducational Group for Depression","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ricardo Alberto Moreno, M.D., Ph.D.","startDate":"2024-03-01","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder (MDD","enrollment":338},{"nctId":"NCT06054321","phase":"NA","title":"Psychopharmacotherapy for Depressive Patients","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chonnam National University Hospital","startDate":"2022-08-03","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder","enrollment":400},{"nctId":"NCT04996433","phase":"NA","title":"A Comparison of Two Psychotherapy Programs in Persistently Depressed Treatment-Resistant Inpatients","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Greifswald","startDate":"2021-12-01","conditions":"Persistent Depressive Disorder, Treatment-resistant Depression","enrollment":396},{"nctId":"NCT05537558","phase":"","title":"Precision Medicine for the Prediction of Treatment (PROMPT) Response (PROMPT)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Hospital Muenster","startDate":"2021-09-09","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT03004521","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Lithium Versus Quetiapine in Treatment Resistant Depression","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"King's College London","startDate":"2016-11","conditions":"Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant","enrollment":276},{"nctId":"NCT00643123","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Allopurinol Add-on Treatment for Refractory Mania","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2007-09","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder, Mixed Mania, Treatment-Resistant Mania","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03290963","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effect of Lithium Versus Placebo in Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression Who Are Receiving Ketamine","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"William V. Bobo, M.D.","startDate":"2017-11-30","conditions":"Treatment Resistant Depression","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01665950","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Simvastatin Augmentation of Lithium Treatment in Bipolar Depression","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Massachusetts General Hospital","startDate":"2012-08","conditions":"Bipolar Disorder","enrollment":4},{"nctId":"NCT01754883","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Lithium Augmentation for Hyperarousal Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Pilot Study","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System","startDate":"2011-01","conditions":"Combat Posttraumatic Stess Disorder, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT00612807","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Treatment of Mood and Marriage Study (TOMMS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Duke University","startDate":"2006-07","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder, Partner Relational Disorder (V61.10)","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT00789854","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparing Quetiapine XR Monotherapy and Augmentation With Lithium Augmentation in TRD Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"AstraZeneca","startDate":"2008-11","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder, Treatment Resistant Depression","enrollment":688}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":221,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Lithium carbonate","Eskalith"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Lithium Augmentation","genericName":"Lithium Augmentation","companyName":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","companyId":"centre-for-addiction-and-mental-health","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Lithium augmentation enhances the efficacy of antidepressant medications by potentiating serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the brain. Used for Major depressive disorder with inadequate response to antidepressant monotherapy, Treatment-resistant depression.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":1},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}