{"id":"liothyronine","rwe":[],"_fda":{"id":"284a71c7-5913-ff21-9733-f0cf9fc379c2","set_id":"0b0f2db9-642d-d84f-b102-b43de34bbe75","openfda":{"unii":["GCA9VV7D2N"],"route":["ORAL"],"rxcui":["903456","903697","903703"],"spl_id":["284a71c7-5913-ff21-9733-f0cf9fc379c2"],"brand_name":["Liothyronine Sodium"],"spl_set_id":["0b0f2db9-642d-d84f-b102-b43de34bbe75"],"package_ndc":["75907-039-01","75907-001-01","75907-004-01"],"product_ndc":["75907-001","75907-039","75907-004"],"generic_name":["LIOTHYRONINE SODIUM"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["LIOTHYRONINE SODIUM"],"manufacturer_name":["Dr. Reddy's Labratories Inc."],"application_number":["ANDA090097"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"1","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Experience with liothyronine use in pregnant women, including data from post-marketing studies, have not reported increased rates of major birth defects or miscarriages (see Data ). There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Since TSH levels may increase during pregnancy, TSH should be monitored and liothyronine sodium tablets dosage adjusted during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations ) . There are no animal studies conducted with liothyronine during pregnancy. Liothyronine sodium tablets should not be discontinued during pregnancy and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of complications, including spontaneous abortion, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, and premature delivery. Untreated maternal hypothyroidism may have an adverse effect on fetal neurocognitive development. Dose adjustments during pregnancy and the postpartum period Pregnancy may increase liothyronine sodium tablets requirements. Serum TSH levels should be monitored and the liothyronine sodium tablets dosage adjusted during pregnancy. Since postpartum TSH levels are similar to preconception values, the liothyronine sodium tablets dosage should return to the pre-pregnancy dose immediately after delivery [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ]. Data Human Data Liothyronine is approved for use as a replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. Data from post-marketing studies have not reported increased rates of fetal malformations, miscarriages, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes associated with liothyronine use in pregnant women."],"overdosage":["10 OVERDOSAGE The signs and symptoms of overdosage are those of hyperthyroidism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Adverse Reactions (6) ] . In addition, confusion and disorientation may occur. Cerebral embolism, seizure, shock, coma, and death have been reported. Symptoms may not necessarily be evident or may not appear until several days after ingestion. Reduce the liothyronine sodium tablets dose or temporarily discontinued if signs or symptoms of overdosage occur. Initiate appropriate supportive treatment as dictated by the patient's medical status. For current information on the management of poisoning or overdosage, contact the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 or www.poison.org ."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION Liothyronine sodium tablets contain the active ingredient, liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or LT 3 ), a synthetic form of a thyroid hormone liothyronine in sodium salt form. It is chemically designated as L-Tyrosine, O -(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-3,5-diiodo-, monosodium salt. The molecular formula, molecular weight and structural formula of liothyronine sodium are given below. C 15 H 11 I 3 NNaO 4 M.W.672.96 Liothyronine sodium tablets contain liothyronine sodium equivalent to liothyronine in 5 mcg, 25 mcg, and 50 mcg. Inactive ingredients consist of calcium sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose, talc, and colloidal silicon dioxide."],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Liothyronine sodium tablets, USP (round, flat, white to off-white) are supplied as follows: Strength Tablet Markings NDC – bottles of 100 5 mcg debossed \"5\" over \"220\" on one side and plain on the other 75907- 039 -01 25 mcg debossed \"25\" above the score and \"222\" below the score on one side and plain on the other 75907- 001 -01 50 mcg debossed \"50\" above the score and \"223\" below the score on one side and plain on the other 75907- 004 -01 Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]"],"boxed_warning":["WARNING: NOT FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR FOR WEIGHT LOSS Thyroid hormones, including liothyronine sodium tablets, either alone or with other therapeutic agents, should not be used for the treatment of obesity or for weight loss. In euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction. Larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects [see Adverse Reactions (6) , Drug Interactions (7.7) , and Overdosage (10) ] . WARNING: NOT FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR FOR WEIGHT LOSS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Thyroid hormones, including liothyronine sodium tablets, should not be used for the treatment of obesity or for weight loss. Doses beyond the range of daily hormonal requirements may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity ( 6 , 7.7 , 10 )."],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use Because of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the elderly, initiate liothyronine sodium tablets at less than the full replacement dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Atrial arrhythmias can occur in elderly patients. Atrial fibrillation is the most common of the arrhythmias observed with thyroid hormone overtreatment in the elderly."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The initial dose of liothyronine sodium tablets varies with age and body weight. Dosing adjustments are based on an assessment of the individual patient's clinical and laboratory parameters [see Dosage and Administration (2.3 , 2.4) ] . In pediatric patients in whom a diagnosis of permanent hypothyroidism has not been established, discontinue thyroid hormone for a trial period, but only after the child is at least 3 years of age. Obtain serum TSH, T4, and T3 levels at the end of the trial period, and use laboratory test results and clinical assessments to guide diagnosis and treatment, if warranted [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ]. Congenital Hypothyroidism [see Dosage and Administration (2.2 , 2.6) ] Rapid restoration of normal serum T4 concentrations is essential for preventing the adverse effects of congenital hypothyroidism on intellectual development as well as on overall physical growth and maturation. Therefore, initiate thyroid hormone immediately upon diagnosis. Thyroid hormone is generally continued for life in these patients. Closely monitor infants during the first 2 weeks of thyroid hormone therapy for cardiac overload, arrhythmias, and aspiration from avid suckling. Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment. Undertreatment may have deleterious effects on intellectual development and linear growth. Overtreatment is associated with craniosynostosis in infants, may adversely affect the tempo of brain maturation, and may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) and Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Acquired Hypothyroidism in Pediatric Patients Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment and overtreatment. Undertreatment may result in poor school performance due to impaired concentration and slowed mentation and in reduced adult height. Overtreatment may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature. Treated children may manifest a period of catch-up growth, which may be adequate in some cases to normalize adult height. In children with severe or prolonged hypothyroidism, catch-up growth may not be adequate to normalize adult height [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] ."],"effective_time":"20240315","pharmacodynamics":["12.2 Pharmacodynamics The onset of activity of liothyronine sodium occurs within a few hours. Maximum pharmacologic response occurs within 2 or 3 days."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption T3 is almost totally absorbed, 95 percent in 4 hours. The hormones contained in the natural preparations are absorbed in a manner similar to the synthetic hormones. Distribution Liothyronine sodium (T3) is not firmly bound to serum protein. The higher affinity of levothyroxine (T4) for both thyroid-binding globulin and thyroid-binding prealbumin as compared to triiodothyronine (T3) partially explains the higher serum levels and longer half-life of the former hormone. Both protein-bound hormones exist in reverse equilibrium with minute amounts of free hormone, the latter accounting for the metabolic activity. Elimination Metabolism The major pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism is through sequential deiodination. Approximately 80% of circulating T3 is derived from peripheral T4 by monodeiodination. The liver is the major site of degradation for both T4 and T3. T3 is further deiodinated to diiodothyronine. Thyroid hormones are also metabolized via conjugation with glucuronides and sulfates and excreted directly into the bile and gut where they undergo enterohepatic recirculation. Excretion Thyroid hormones are primarily eliminated by the kidneys. A portion of the conjugated hormone reaches the colon unchanged and is eliminated in the feces. The biological half-life is about 2-1/2 days."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Adverse reactions associated with liothyronine sodium tablets therapy are primarily those of hyperthyroidism due to therapeutic overdosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Overdosage (10) ] . They include the following: General : fatigue, increased appetite, weight loss, heat intolerance, fever, excessive sweating Central nervous system : headache, hyperactivity, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, emotional lability, insomnia Musculoskeletal : tremors, muscle weakness and cramps Cardiovascular : palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, increased pulse and blood pressure, heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest Respiratory : dyspnea Gastrointestinal : diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, elevations in liver function tests Dermatologic : hair loss, flushing Endocrine : decreased bone mineral density Reproductive : menstrual irregularities, impaired fertility Most common adverse reactions for liothyronine sodium tablets are primarily those of hyperthyroidism due to therapeutic overdosage: arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, dyspnea, headache, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, tremors, muscle weakness, increased appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, heat intolerance, menstrual irregularities, and skin rash ( 6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc., at 1-888-375-3784 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients Pseudotumor cerebri and slipped capital femoral epiphysis have been reported in pediatric patients receiving thyroid replacement therapy. Overtreatment may result in craniosynostosis in infants and premature closure of the epiphyses in pediatric patients with resultant compromised adult height. Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions to inactive ingredients have occurred in patients treated with thyroid hormone products. These include urticaria, pruritus, skin rash, flushing, angioedema, various gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea), fever, arthralgia, serum sickness and wheezing."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Liothyronine sodium tablets are contraindicated in patients with uncorrected adrenal insufficiency [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . Uncorrected adrenal cortical insufficiency ( 4 )"],"drug_interactions":["7 DRUG INTERACTIONS See full prescribing information for drugs that affect thyroid hormone pharmacokinetics and metabolism (e.g., absorption, synthesis, secretion, catabolism, protein binding, and target tissue response) and may alter the therapeutic response to liothyronine sodium tablets ( 7 ) 7.1 Drugs Known to Affect Thyroid Hormone Pharmacokinetics Many drugs can exert effects on thyroid hormone pharmacokinetics (e.g. absorption, synthesis, secretion, catabolism, protein binding, and target tissue response) and may alter the therapeutic response to liothyronine sodium tablets (see Tables 1 – 4). Table 1: Drugs That May Decrease T3 Absorption (Hypothyroidism) Potential impact: Concurrent use may reduce the efficacy of liothyronine sodium tablets by binding and delaying or preventing absorption, potentially resulting in hypothyroidism. Drug or Drug Class Effect Bile Acid Sequestrants -Colesevelam -Cholestyramine -Colestipol Ion Exchange Resins -Kayexalate -Sevelamer Bile acid sequestrants and ion exchange resins are known to decrease thyroid hormones absorption. Administer liothyronine sodium tablets at least 4 hours prior to these drugs or monitor thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Table 2: Drugs That May Alter Triiodothyronine (T3) Serum Transport Without Affecting Free Thyroxine (FT4) Concentration (Euthyroidism) Drug or Drug Class Effect Clofibrate Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives Estrogens (oral) Heroin / Methadone 5-Fluorouracil Mitotane Tamoxifen These drugs may increase serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) concentration. Androgens / Anabolic Steroids Asparaginase Glucocorticoids Slow-Release Nicotinic Acid These drugs may decrease serum TBG concentration. Salicylates (>2 g/day) Salicylates inhibit binding of T4 and T3 to TBG and transthyretin. An initial increase in serum FT4 is followed by return of FT4 to normal levels with sustained therapeutic serum salicylate concentrations, although total T4 levels may decrease by as much as 30%. Other drugs: Carbamazepine Furosemide (>80 mg IV) Heparin Hydantoins Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs - Fenamates These drugs may cause protein binding site displacement. Furosemide has been shown to inhibit the protein binding of T4 to TBG and albumin, causing an increased free-T4 fraction in serum. Furosemide competes for T4-binding sites on TBG, prealbumin, and albumin, so that a single high dose can acutely lower the total T4 level. Phenytoin and carbamazepine reduce serum protein binding of thyroid hormones, and total and FT4 may be reduced by 20% to 40%, but most patients have normal serum TSH levels and are clinically euthyroid. Closely monitor thyroid hormone parameters. Table 3: Drugs That May Alter Hepatic Metabolism of Thyroid hormones Potential impact: Stimulation of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity may cause increased hepatic degradation of thyroid hormones, resulting in increased liothyronine sodium tablets requirements. Drug or Drug Class Effect Phenobarbital Rifampin Phenobarbital has been shown to reduce the response to thyroxine. Phenobarbital increases L-thyroxine metabolism by inducing uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and leads to a lower T4 serum levels. Changes in thyroid status may occur if barbiturates are added or withdrawn from patients being treated for hypothyroidism. Rifampin has been shown to accelerate the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Table 4: Drugs That May Decrease Conversion of T4 to T3 Potential impact: Administration of these enzyme inhibitors decreases the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, leading to decreased T3 levels. However, serum T4 levels are usually normal but may occasionally be slightly increased. Drug or Drug Class Effect Beta-adrenergic antagonists (e.g., Propranolol >160 mg/day) In patients treated with large doses of propranolol (>160 mg/day), T3 and T4 levels change, TSH levels remain normal, and patients are clinically euthyroid. Actions of particular beta-adrenergic antagonists may be impaired when a hypothyroid patient is converted to the euthyroid state. Glucocorticoids (e.g., Dexamethasone ≥4 mg/day) Short-term administration of large doses of glucocorticoids may decrease serum T3 concentrations by 30% with minimal change in serum T4 levels. However, long-term glucocorticoid therapy may result in slightly decreased T3 and T4 levels due to decreased TBG production (see above). Other drugs: Amiodarone Amiodarone inhibits peripheral conversion of levothyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and may cause isolated biochemical changes (increase in serum free-T4, and decreased or normal free-T3) in clinically euthyroid patients. 7.2 Antidiabetic Therapy Addition of liothyronine sodium tablets therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen glycemic control and result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements. Carefully monitor glycemic control, especially when liothyronine sodium tablets are started, changed, or discontinued [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] . 7.3 Oral Anticoagulants Liothyronine sodium tablets increases the response to oral anticoagulant therapy. Therefore, a decrease in the dose of anticoagulant may be warranted with correction of the hypothyroid state or when the liothyronine sodium tablets dose is increased. Closely monitor coagulation tests to permit appropriate and timely dosage adjustments. 7.4 Digitalis Glycosides Liothyronine sodium tablets may reduce the therapeutic effects of digitalis glycosides. Serum digitalis glycoside levels may be decreased when a hypothyroid patient becomes euthyroid, necessitating an increase in the dose of digitalis glycosides. 7.5 Antidepressant Therapy Concurrent use of tricyclic (e.g., amitriptyline) or tetracyclic (e.g., maprotiline) antidepressants and liothyronine sodium tablets may increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of both drugs, possibly due to increased receptor sensitivity to catecholamines. Toxic effects may include increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and central nervous system stimulation. Liothyronine sodium tablets may accelerate the onset of action of tricyclics. Administration of sertraline in patients stabilized on liothyronine sodium tablets may result in increased liothyronine sodium tablets requirements. 7.6 Ketamine Concurrent use of ketamine and liothyronine sodium tablets may produce marked hypertension and tachycardia. Closely monitor blood pressure and heart rate in these patients. 7.7 Sympathomimetics Concurrent use of sympathomimetics and liothyronine sodium tablets may increase the effects of sympathomimetics or thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormones may increase the risk of coronary insufficiency when sympathomimetic agents are administered to patients with coronary artery disease. 7.8 Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors Concurrent use of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors such as imatinib may cause hypothyroidism. Closely monitor TSH levels in such patients. 7.9 Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions Consider changes in TBG concentration when interpreting T4 and T3 values. Measure and evaluate unbound (free) hormone in this circumstance. Pregnancy, infectious hepatitis, estrogens, estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, and acute intermittent porphyria increase TBG concentrations. Nephrosis, severe hypoproteinemia, severe liver disease, acromegaly, androgens and corticosteroids decrease TBG concentration. Familial hyper- or hypo-thyroxine binding globulinemias have been described, with the incidence of TBG deficiency approximating 1 in 9000."],"how_supplied_table":["
StrengthTablet MarkingsNDC – bottles of 100
5 mcgdebossed "5" over "220" on one side and plain on the other75907-039-01
25 mcgdebossed "25" above the score and "222" below the score on one side and plain on the other75907-001-01
50 mcgdebossed "50" above the score and "223" below the score on one side and plain on the other75907-004-01
"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action Thyroid hormones exert their physiologic actions through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis. Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) diffuse into the cell nucleus and bind to thyroid receptor proteins attached to DNA. This hormone nuclear receptor complex activates gene transcription and synthesis of messenger RNA and cytoplasmic proteins. The physiological actions of thyroid hormones are produced predominantly by T3, the majority of which (approximately 80%) is derived from T4 by deiodination in peripheral tissues."],"recent_major_changes":["Indications and Usage ( 1.1 , 1.2 , 1.3 ) 12/2018 Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 , 2.4 , 2.5 , 2.6 ) 12/2018 Contraindications ( 4 ) 12/2018 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.6 ) 12/2018"],"storage_and_handling":["Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]"],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Thyroid hormones exert their physiologic actions through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis. Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) diffuse into the cell nucleus and bind to thyroid receptor proteins attached to DNA. This hormone nuclear receptor complex activates gene transcription and synthesis of messenger RNA and cytoplasmic proteins. The physiological actions of thyroid hormones are produced predominantly by T3, the majority of which (approximately 80%) is derived from T4 by deiodination in peripheral tissues. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics The onset of activity of liothyronine sodium occurs within a few hours. Maximum pharmacologic response occurs within 2 or 3 days. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption T3 is almost totally absorbed, 95 percent in 4 hours. The hormones contained in the natural preparations are absorbed in a manner similar to the synthetic hormones. Distribution Liothyronine sodium (T3) is not firmly bound to serum protein. The higher affinity of levothyroxine (T4) for both thyroid-binding globulin and thyroid-binding prealbumin as compared to triiodothyronine (T3) partially explains the higher serum levels and longer half-life of the former hormone. Both protein-bound hormones exist in reverse equilibrium with minute amounts of free hormone, the latter accounting for the metabolic activity. Elimination Metabolism The major pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism is through sequential deiodination. Approximately 80% of circulating T3 is derived from peripheral T4 by monodeiodination. The liver is the major site of degradation for both T4 and T3. T3 is further deiodinated to diiodothyronine. Thyroid hormones are also metabolized via conjugation with glucuronides and sulfates and excreted directly into the bile and gut where they undergo enterohepatic recirculation. Excretion Thyroid hormones are primarily eliminated by the kidneys. A portion of the conjugated hormone reaches the colon unchanged and is eliminated in the feces. The biological half-life is about 2-1/2 days."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Liothyronine sodium tablets are an L-triiodothyronine (T3) indicated for: Hypothyroidism: As replacement in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary), and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism ( 1.1 ) Pituitary Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, TSH) Suppression: As an adjunct to surgery and radioiodine therapy in the management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer ( 1.2 ) Thyroid Suppression Test: As a diagnostic agent in suppression tests to differentiate suspected mild hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland autonomy ( 1.3 ) Limitations of Use : - Not indicated for suppression of benign thyroid nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients. ( 1 ) - Not indicated for treatment of hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis. ( 1 ) 1.1 Hypothyroidism Liothyronine sodium tablets are indicated as a replacement therapy in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary), and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism. 1.2 Pituitary Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, TSH) Suppression Liothyronine sodium tablets are indicated as an adjunct to surgery and radioiodine therapy in the management of well-differentiated thyroid cancer . 1.3 Thyroid Suppression Test Liothyronine sodium tablets are indicated as a diagnostic agent in suppression tests to differentiate suspected mild hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland autonomy. Limitations of Use Liothyronine sodium tablets are not indicated for suppression of benign thyroid nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients as there are no clinical benefits and overtreatment with liothyronine sodium tablets may induce hyperthyroidism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] . Liothyronine sodium tablets are not indicated for treatment of hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis."],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Cardiac adverse reactions in the elderly and in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease: Initiate liothyronine sodium tablets at less than the full replacement dose because of the increased risk of cardiac adverse reactions, including atrial fibrillation ( 2.3 , 5.1 , 8.5 ) Myxedema coma: Do not use oral thyroid hormone drug products to treat myxedema coma. ( 5.2 ) Acute adrenal crisis in patients with concomitant adrenal insufficiency: Treat with replacement glucocorticoids prior to initiation of liothyronine sodium tablets treatment ( 5.3 ) Prevention of hyperthyroidism or incomplete treatment of hypothyroidism: Proper dose titration and careful monitoring is critical to prevent the persistence of hypothyroidism or the development of hyperthyroidism. ( 5.4 ) Worsening of diabetic control: Therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen glycemic control and result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements. Carefully monitor glycemic control after starting, changing, or discontinuing thyroid hormone therapy ( 5.5 ) Decreased bone mineral density associated with thyroid hormone over-replacement: Over-replacement can increase bone resorption and decrease bone mineral density. Give the lowest effective dose ( 5.6 ) 5.1 Cardiac Adverse Reactions in the Elderly and in Patients with Underlying Cardiovascular Disease Overtreatment with thyroid hormone may cause an increase in heart rate, cardiac wall thickness, and cardiac contractility and may precipitate angina or arrhythmias, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease and in elderly patients. Initiate liothyronine sodium tablets therapy in this population at lower doses than those recommended in younger individuals or in patients without cardiac disease [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ]. Monitor for cardiac arrhythmias during surgical procedures in patients with coronary artery disease receiving suppressive liothyronine sodium tablets therapy. Monitor patients receiving concomitant liothyronine sodium tablets and sympathomimetic agents for signs and symptoms of coronary insufficiency. If cardiovascular symptoms develop or worsen, reduce or withhold the liothyronine sodium tablets dose for one week and restart at a lower dose. 5.2 Myxedema Coma Myxedema coma is a life-threatening emergency characterized by poor circulation and hypometabolism, and may result in unpredictable absorption of thyroid hormone from the gastrointestinal tract. Use of oral thyroid hormone drug products is not recommended to treat myxedema coma. Administer thyroid hormone products formulated for intravenous administration to treat myxedema coma. 5.3 Acute Adrenal Crisis in Patients with Concomitant Adrenal Insufficiency Thyroid hormone increases metabolic clearance of glucocorticoids. Initiation of thyroid hormone therapy prior to initiating glucocorticoid therapy may precipitate an acute adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency. Treat patients with adrenal insufficiency with replacement glucocorticoids prior to initiating treatment with liothyronine sodium tablets [see Contraindications (4) ]. 5.4 Prevention of Hyperthyroidism or Incomplete Treatment of Hypothyroidism Liothyronine sodium tablets has a narrow therapeutic index. Over- or undertreatment with liothyronine sodium tablets may have negative effects on growth and development, cardiovascular function, bone metabolism, reproductive function, cognitive function, emotional state, gastrointestinal function, and on glucose and lipid metabolism. Titrate the dose of liothyronine sodium tablets carefully and monitor response to titration to avoid these effects [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ]. Monitor for the presence of drug or food interactions when using liothyronine sodium tablets and adjust the dose as necessary [see Drug Interactions (7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. 5.5 Worsening of Diabetic Control Addition of thyroid hormone therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen glycemic control and result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements. Carefully monitor glycemic control after starting, changing, or discontinuing liothyronine sodium tablets [see Drug Interactions (7.2) ]. 5.6 Decreased Bone Mineral Density Associated with Thyroid Hormone Over-Replacement Increased bone resorption and decreased bone mineral density may occur as a result of thyroid hormone over-replacement, particularly in post-menopausal women. The increased bone resorption may be associated with increased serum levels and urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorous, elevations in bone alkaline phosphatase, and suppressed serum parathyroid hormone levels. Administer the minimum dose of liothyronine sodium tablets that achieves the desired clinical and biochemical response to mitigate against this risk."],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility of liothyronine sodium."],"drug_interactions_table":["
Table 1: Drugs That May Decrease T3 Absorption (Hypothyroidism)
Potential impact: Concurrent use may reduce the efficacy of liothyronine sodium tablets by binding and delaying or preventing absorption, potentially resulting in hypothyroidism.
Drug or Drug ClassEffect
Bile Acid Sequestrants -Colesevelam -Cholestyramine -Colestipol Ion Exchange Resins -Kayexalate -SevelamerBile acid sequestrants and ion exchange resins are known to decrease thyroid hormones absorption. Administer liothyronine sodium tablets at least 4 hours prior to these drugs or monitor thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
","
Table 2: Drugs That May Alter Triiodothyronine (T3) Serum Transport Without Affecting Free Thyroxine (FT4) Concentration (Euthyroidism)
Drug or Drug ClassEffect
Clofibrate Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives Estrogens (oral) Heroin / Methadone 5-Fluorouracil Mitotane TamoxifenThese drugs may increase serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) concentration.
Androgens / Anabolic Steroids Asparaginase Glucocorticoids Slow-Release Nicotinic AcidThese drugs may decrease serum TBG concentration.
Salicylates (>2 g/day)Salicylates inhibit binding of T4 and T3 to TBG and transthyretin. An initial increase in serum FT4 is followed by return of FT4 to normal levels with sustained therapeutic serum salicylate concentrations, although total T4 levels may decrease by as much as 30%.
Other drugs: Carbamazepine Furosemide (>80 mg IV) Heparin Hydantoins Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs - FenamatesThese drugs may cause protein binding site displacement. Furosemide has been shown to inhibit the protein binding of T4 to TBG and albumin, causing an increased free-T4 fraction in serum. Furosemide competes for T4-binding sites on TBG, prealbumin, and albumin, so that a single high dose can acutely lower the total T4 level. Phenytoin and carbamazepine reduce serum protein binding of thyroid hormones, and total and FT4 may be reduced by 20% to 40%, but most patients have normal serum TSH levels and are clinically euthyroid. Closely monitor thyroid hormone parameters.
","
Table 3: Drugs That May Alter Hepatic Metabolism of Thyroid hormones
Potential impact: Stimulation of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity may cause increased hepatic degradation of thyroid hormones, resulting in increased liothyronine sodium tablets requirements.
Drug or Drug ClassEffect
Phenobarbital RifampinPhenobarbital has been shown to reduce the response to thyroxine. Phenobarbital increases L-thyroxine metabolism by inducing uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and leads to a lower T4 serum levels. Changes in thyroid status may occur if barbiturates are added or withdrawn from patients being treated for hypothyroidism. Rifampin has been shown to accelerate the metabolism of thyroid hormones.
","
Table 4: Drugs That May Decrease Conversion of T4 to T3
Potential impact: Administration of these enzyme inhibitors decreases the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, leading to decreased T3 levels. However, serum T4 levels are usually normal but may occasionally be slightly increased.
Drug or Drug ClassEffect
Beta-adrenergic antagonists (e.g., Propranolol >160 mg/day)In patients treated with large doses of propranolol (>160 mg/day), T3 and T4 levels change, TSH levels remain normal, and patients are clinically euthyroid. Actions of particular beta-adrenergic antagonists may be impaired when a hypothyroid patient is converted to the euthyroid state.
Glucocorticoids (e.g., Dexamethasone ≥4 mg/day)Short-term administration of large doses of glucocorticoids may decrease serum T3 concentrations by 30% with minimal change in serum T4 levels. However, long-term glucocorticoid therapy may result in slightly decreased T3 and T4 levels due to decreased TBG production (see above).
Other drugs: AmiodaroneAmiodarone inhibits peripheral conversion of levothyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and may cause isolated biochemical changes (increase in serum free-T4, and decreased or normal free-T3) in clinically euthyroid patients.
"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Dosing and Administration Instruct patients that liothyronine sodium tablets should only be taken as directed by their healthcare provider. Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider should they become pregnant or breastfeeding or are thinking of becoming pregnant, while taking liothyronine sodium tablets. Important Information Inform patients that the liothyronine in liothyronine sodium tablets are intended to replace a hormone that is normally produced by the thyroid gland. Generally replacement therapy is to be taken for life. Inform patients that liothyronine sodium tablets should not be used as a primary or adjunctive therapy in a weight control program. Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are taking any other medications, including prescription and over-the-counter preparations. Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider of any other medical conditions, particularly heart disease, diabetes, clotting disorders, and adrenal or pituitary gland problems, as the dose of medications used to control these other conditions may need to be adjusted while taking liothyronine sodium tablets. If patents are taking anticoagulants (blood thinners), their clotting status should be checked frequently. Instruct patients to notify their physician or dentist if they are taking liothyronine sodium tablets prior to any surgery. Adverse Reactions Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider if they experience any of the following symptoms: rapid or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, shortness of breath, leg cramps, headache, nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness, tremors, change in appetite, weight gain or loss, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, fever, changes in menstrual periods, hives or skin rash, or any other unusual medical event [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Inform patients that partial hair loss may occur rarely during the first few months of liothyronine sodium tablets therapy; this is usually temporary [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] ."],"spl_unclassified_section":["Distributed by: Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc. Princeton, NJ 08540 61859 Rev 06/2023"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer liothyronine sodium tablets orally once daily and individual dosage according to patient response and laboratory findings ( 2.1 ) See full prescribing information for recommended dosage for hypothyroidism ( 2.2 ) TSH suppression in well-differentiated thyroid cancer ( 2.3 ) and for thyroid suppression test ( 2.4 ) When switching a patient to liothyronine sodium tablets, discontinue levothyroxine therapy and initiate liothyronine sodium tablets at a low dosage. Gradually increase the dose according to the patient's response ( 2.5 ) Adequacy of therapy determined with periodic monitoring of TSH and T3 levels as well as clinical status ( 2.6 ) 2.1 General Principles of Dosing The dose of liothyronine sodium tablets for hypothyroidism or pituitary Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) suppression depends on a variety of factors including: the patient's age, body weight, cardiovascular status, concomitant medical conditions (including pregnancy), concomitant medications, co-administered food and the specific nature of the condition being treated [see Dosage and Administration (2.2 , 2.3 , 2.4) , Warnings and Precautions (5) , and Drug Interactions (7) ] . Dosing must be individualized to account for these factors and dose adjustments made based on periodic assessment of the patient's clinical response and laboratory parameters [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] . Administer liothyronine sodium tablets orally once daily. 2.2 Recommended Dosage for Hypothyroidism Adults The recommended starting dosage is 25 mcg orally once daily. Increase the dose by 25 mcg daily every 1 or 2 weeks, if needed. The usual maintenance dose is 25 mcg to 75 mcg once daily. For elderly patients or patients with underlying cardiac disease, start with liothyronine sodium tablets 5 mcg once daily and increase by 5 mcg increments at the recommended intervals. Serum TSH is not a reliable measure of liothyronine sodium tablets dose adequacy in patients with secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism and should not be used to monitor therapy. Use the serum T3 level to monitor adequacy of therapy in this patient population. Pediatric Patients The recommended starting dosage is 5 mcg once daily, with a 5 mcg increase every 3 to 4 days until the desired response is achieved. Infants a few months old may require 20 mcg once daily for maintenance. At 1 year of age, 50 mcg once daily may be required. Above 3 years of age, the full adult dosage may be necessary [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ]. Newborns (0 to 3 months) at Risk for Cardiac Failure: Consider a lower starting dose in infants at risk for cardiac failure. Increase the dose as needed based on clinical and laboratory response. Pediatric Patients at Risk for Hyperactivity To minimize the risk of hyperactivity in pediatric patients, start at one-fourth the recommended full replacement dose, and increase on a weekly basis by one-fourth the full recommended replacement dose until the full recommended replacement dose is reached. Pregnancy Pre-existing Hypothyroidism: Thyroid hormone dose requirements may increase during pregnancy. Measure serum TSH and free-T4 as soon as pregnancy is confirmed and, at minimum, during each trimester of pregnancy. In patients with primary hypothyroidism, maintain serum TSH in the trimester-specific reference range. For patients with serum TSH above the normal trimester-specific range, increase the dose of thyroid hormone and measure TSH every 4 weeks until a stable dose is reached and serum TSH is within the normal trimester-specific range. Reduce thyroid hormone dosage to pre-pregnancy levels immediately after delivery and measure serum TSH levels 4 to 8 weeks postpartum to ensure thyroid hormone dose is appropriate. 2.3 Recommended Dosage for TSH Suppression in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer The dose of liothyronine sodium tablets should target TSH levels within the desired therapeutic range. This may require higher doses, depending on the target level for TSH suppression. 2.4 Recommended Dosage for Thyroid Suppression Test The recommended dose is 75 mcg to 100 mcg daily for 7 days, with radioactive iodine uptake being determined before and after the 7 day administration of liothyronine sodium tablets. If thyroid function is normal, the radioiodine uptake will drop significantly after treatment. A 50% or greater suppression of uptake indicates a normal thyroid-pituitary axis. 2.5 Switching from Levothyroxine to Liothyronine Sodium Tablets Liothyronine sodium tablets has a rapid onset of action and residual effects of the other thyroid preparation may persist for the first several weeks after initiating liothyronine sodium tablets therapy. When switching a patient to liothyronine sodium tablets, discontinue levothyroxine therapy and initiate liothyronine sodium tablets at a low dosage. Gradually increase the liothyronine sodium tablets dose according to the patient's response. 2.6 Monitoring TSH and Triiodothyronine (T3) Levels Assess the adequacy of therapy by periodic assessment of laboratory tests and clinical evaluation. Persistent clinical and laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism despite an apparent adequate replacement dose of liothyronine sodium tablets may be evidence of inadequate absorption, poor compliance, drug interactions, or a combination of these factors. Adults In adult patients with primary hypothyroidism, monitor serum TSH periodically after initiation of the therapy or any change in dose. To check the immediate response to therapy before the TSH has had a chance to respond or if your patient's status needs to be assessed prior to that point, measurement of total T3 would be most appropriate. In patients on a stable and appropriate replacement dose, evaluate clinical and biochemical response every 6 to 12 months and whenever there is a change in the patient's clinical status. Pediatrics In pediatric patients with hypothyroidism, assess the adequacy of replacement therapy by measuring serum TSH and T3 levels. For pediatric patients three years of age and older, the recommended monitoring is every 3 to 12 months thereafter, following dose stabilization until growth and puberty are completed. Poor compliance or abnormal values may necessitate more frequent monitoring. Perform routine clinical examination, including assessment of development, mental and physical growth, and bone maturation, at regular intervals. While the general aim of therapy is to normalize the serum TSH level, TSH may not normalize in some patients due to in utero hypothyroidism causing a resetting of pituitary-thyroid feedback. Failure of the serum TSH to decrease below 20 IU per liter after initiation of liothyronine sodium tablets therapy may indicate the child is not receiving adequate therapy. Assess compliance, dose of medication administered, and method of administration prior to increasing the dose of liothyronine sodium tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ] . Secondary and Tertiary Hypothyroidism Monitor serum T3 levels and maintain in the normal range."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Liothyronine Sodium Liothyronine Sodium Liothyronine Sodium liothyronine calcium sulfate, unspecified form microcrystalline cellulose hypromellose, unspecified talc silicon dioxide 5;220 Liothyronine Sodium Liothyronine Sodium Liothyronine Sodium liothyronine calcium sulfate, unspecified form microcrystalline cellulose hypromellose, unspecified talc silicon dioxide 25;222 Liothyronine Sodium Liothyronine Sodium Liothyronine Sodium liothyronine calcium sulfate, unspecified form microcrystalline cellulose hypromellose, unspecified talc silicon dioxide 50;223 chemical-structure Principle Display Panel-5mcg tablet bottle label principle Display Panel -25mg tablet bottle label Principle Display Panel- 50mcg tablet bottle label"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Tablets (round, flat, white to off-white) available as follows: 5 mcg: debossed \"5\" over \"220\" on one side and plain on the other 25 mcg: debossed \"25\" above the score and \"222\" below the score on one side and plain on the other 50 mcg: debossed \"50\" above the score and \"223\" below the score on one side and plain on the other Tablets: 5 mcg, 25 mcg, 50 mcg ( 3 )"],"recent_major_changes_table":["
Indications and Usage (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)12/2018
Dosage and Administration (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6)12/2018
Contraindications (4)12/2018
Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6)12/2018
"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy may require the use of higher doses of thyroid hormone ( 2.2 , 8.1 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Experience with liothyronine use in pregnant women, including data from post-marketing studies, have not reported increased rates of major birth defects or miscarriages (see Data ). There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Since TSH levels may increase during pregnancy, TSH should be monitored and liothyronine sodium tablets dosage adjusted during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations ) . There are no animal studies conducted with liothyronine during pregnancy. Liothyronine sodium tablets should not be discontinued during pregnancy and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of complications, including spontaneous abortion, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, and premature delivery. Untreated maternal hypothyroidism may have an adverse effect on fetal neurocognitive development. Dose adjustments during pregnancy and the postpartum period Pregnancy may increase liothyronine sodium tablets requirements. Serum TSH levels should be monitored and the liothyronine sodium tablets dosage adjusted during pregnancy. Since postpartum TSH levels are similar to preconception values, the liothyronine sodium tablets dosage should return to the pre-pregnancy dose immediately after delivery [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) ]. Data Human Data Liothyronine is approved for use as a replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. Data from post-marketing studies have not reported increased rates of fetal malformations, miscarriages, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes associated with liothyronine use in pregnant women. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Limited published studies report that liothyronine is present in human milk. However, there is insufficient information to determine the effects of liothyronine on the breastfed infant and no available information on the effects of liothyronine on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for liothyronine sodium tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from liothyronine sodium tablets or from the underlying maternal condition. 8.4 Pediatric Use The initial dose of liothyronine sodium tablets varies with age and body weight. Dosing adjustments are based on an assessment of the individual patient's clinical and laboratory parameters [see Dosage and Administration (2.3 , 2.4) ] . In pediatric patients in whom a diagnosis of permanent hypothyroidism has not been established, discontinue thyroid hormone for a trial period, but only after the child is at least 3 years of age. Obtain serum TSH, T4, and T3 levels at the end of the trial period, and use laboratory test results and clinical assessments to guide diagnosis and treatment, if warranted [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ]. Congenital Hypothyroidism [see Dosage and Administration (2.2 , 2.6) ] Rapid restoration of normal serum T4 concentrations is essential for preventing the adverse effects of congenital hypothyroidism on intellectual development as well as on overall physical growth and maturation. Therefore, initiate thyroid hormone immediately upon diagnosis. Thyroid hormone is generally continued for life in these patients. Closely monitor infants during the first 2 weeks of thyroid hormone therapy for cardiac overload, arrhythmias, and aspiration from avid suckling. Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment. Undertreatment may have deleterious effects on intellectual development and linear growth. Overtreatment is associated with craniosynostosis in infants, may adversely affect the tempo of brain maturation, and may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) and Adverse Reactions (6) ] . Acquired Hypothyroidism in Pediatric Patients Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment and overtreatment. Undertreatment may result in poor school performance due to impaired concentration and slowed mentation and in reduced adult height. Overtreatment may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature. Treated children may manifest a period of catch-up growth, which may be adequate in some cases to normalize adult height. In children with severe or prolonged hypothyroidism, catch-up growth may not be adequate to normalize adult height [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . 8.5 Geriatric Use Because of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the elderly, initiate liothyronine sodium tablets at less than the full replacement dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Atrial arrhythmias can occur in elderly patients. Atrial fibrillation is the most common of the arrhythmias observed with thyroid hormone overtreatment in the elderly."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 5 mcg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 75907-039-01 Liothyronine Sodium Tablets, USP 5 mcg Rx Only 100 Tablets Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc.","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 25 mcg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 75907-001-01 Liothyronine Sodium Tablets, USP 25 mcg Rx Only 100 Tablets Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc.","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 50 mcg Tablet Bottle Label NDC 75907-004-01 Liothyronine Sodium Tablets, USP 50 mcg Rx Only 100 Tablets Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc."],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility of liothyronine sodium."]},"tags":[{"label":"l-Triiodothyronine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Thyroid hormone receptor alpha","category":"target"},{"label":"THRA","category":"gene"},{"label":"THRB","category":"gene"},{"label":"THAP1","category":"gene"},{"label":"H03AA02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Tablet","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Established","category":"status"},{"label":"Congenital hypothyroidism","category":"indication"},{"label":"Diagnostic Test for Thyroid Dysfunction","category":"indication"},{"label":"Goiter","category":"indication"},{"label":"Hypothyroidism","category":"indication"},{"label":"Malignant tumor of thyroid gland","category":"indication"},{"label":"Mild Hypothyroidism","category":"indication"},{"label":"King Pharms","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1950s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":["WARNING: NOT FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR FOR WEIGHT LOSS Thyroid hormones, including liothyronine sodium tablets, either alone or with other therapeutic agents, should not be used for the treatment of obesity or for weight loss. In euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction. Larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects [see Adverse Reactions (6) , Drug Interactions (7.7) , and Overdosage (10) ] . WARNING: NOT FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR FOR WEIGHT LOSS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Thyroid hormones, including liothyronine sodium tablets, should not be used for the treatment of obesity or for weight loss. Doses beyond the range of daily hormonal requirements may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity ( 6 , 7.7 , 10 )."],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"940 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HEADACHE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"860 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FATIGUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"819 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"571 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DYSPNOEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"550 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PAIN","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"472 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HYPERTENSION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"461 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"WEIGHT INCREASED","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"432 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"MALAISE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"431 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HYPOTHYROIDISM","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"426 reports"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/algeldrate","drug":"algeldrate","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Aluminum Hydroxide, Liothyronine Sodium","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"algeldrate"},{"url":"/drug/ferric-sulfate","drug":"ferric sulfate","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Ferric Sulfate, Liothyronine Sodium","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"ferric-sulfate"},{"url":"/drug/ferrous-gluconate","drug":"ferrous gluconate","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Ferrous Gluconate, Liothyronine Sodium","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"ferrous-gluconate"},{"url":"/drug/iron","drug":"iron","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Iron, Liothyronine Sodium","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"iron"},{"url":"/drug/phenprocoumon","drug":"phenprocoumon","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Liothyronine Sodium, Phenprocoumon","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenprocoumon"},{"url":"/drug/sucralfate","drug":"sucralfate","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Liothyronine Sodium, Sucralfate","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"sucralfate"},{"url":"/drug/warfarin","drug":"warfarin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Liothyronine Sodium, Warfarin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"warfarin"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"allergic skin reactions","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"hyperthyroidism","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"}],"contraindications":["Angina pectoris","Conduction disorder of the heart","Diabetes mellitus","Disorder of cardiovascular system","Disorder of coronary artery","Hypertensive disorder","Hyperthyroidism","Hypopituitarism","Myocardial infarction","Osteopenia","Osteoporosis","Primary adrenocortical insufficiency","Thyrotoxic crisis"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Pregnancy may require the use of higher doses of thyroid hormone. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Since TSH levels may increase during pregnancy, TSH should be monitored and CYTOMEL dosage adjusted during pregnancy. CYTOMEL should not be discontinued during pregnancy and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated. Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with higher rate of complications, including spontaneous abortion, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, and premature delivery. Thyroid hormones do not readily cross the placental barrier. The clinical experience to date does not indicate any adverse effect on fetuses when thyroid hormones are administered to pregnant women. On the basis of current knowledge, thyroid replacement therapy to hypothyroid women should not be discontinued during pregnancy.","Geriatric use":"Clinical studies of liothyronine sodium did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function.","Paediatric use":"There is limited experience with liothyronine sodium injection (T3) in the pediatric population. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.","Hepatic impairment":"In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Pfizer","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=LIOTHYRONINE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:24.297270+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liothyronine","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:33.545554+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:32.232194+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:22.888711+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=LIOTHYRONINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:32.964598+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:21.837264+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (boxed_warning)","rawText":"WARNING: NOT FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR FOR WEIGHT LOSS Thyroid hormones, including liothyronine sodium tablets, either alone or with other therapeutic agents, should not be used for the treatment of obesity or for weight loss. In euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction. Larger doses may produce serious or even life-threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines suc","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:21.837433+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:34.485495+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Thyroid hormone receptor agonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:33.545163+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1201119/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:33.445496+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"ANDA090097","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:21.837442+00:00"}},"allNames":"triostat","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["liothyronine","liothyronine sodium","triiodothyronine","liothyronin"],"timeline":[{"date":"1956-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from KING PHARMS R AND D to King Pharms"},{"date":"1956-05-08","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (King Pharms R And D)"},{"date":"1991-12-31","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Triostat approved — EQ 0.01MG BASE/ML **Federal Register determination that product was not discontinued or withdrawn for safety or effectiveness reasons**"},{"date":"2016-04-20","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 6 manufacturers approved"}],"aiSummary":"Triostat (Liothyronine) is a small molecule drug developed by King Pharms R&D and currently owned by King Pharms. It targets the thyroid hormone receptor alpha and is classified as a l-Triiodothyronine. Triostat is FDA-approved for various thyroid-related conditions, including congenital hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, and goiter. The drug is off-patent, with multiple generic manufacturers available. As an off-patent medication, key safety considerations include proper dosing and monitoring to avoid potential side effects.","approvals":[{"date":"1956-05-08","orphan":false,"company":"KING PHARMS R AND D","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Triostat","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Congenital hypothyroidism","otherDrugs":[{"name":"levothyroxine","slug":"levothyroxine","company":"Stevens J"}],"globalPrevalence":174543},{"indication":"Diagnostic Test for Thyroid Dysfunction","otherDrugs":[{"name":"levothyroxine","slug":"levothyroxine","company":"Stevens J"},{"name":"protirelin","slug":"protirelin","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Goiter","otherDrugs":[{"name":"levothyroxine","slug":"levothyroxine","company":"Stevens J"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Hypothyroidism","otherDrugs":[{"name":"levothyroxine","slug":"levothyroxine","company":"Stevens J"}],"globalPrevalence":174543},{"indication":"Malignant tumor of thyroid gland","otherDrugs":[{"name":"doxorubicin","slug":"doxorubicin","company":""},{"name":"levothyroxine","slug":"levothyroxine","company":"Stevens J"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Mild Hypothyroidism","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Myxedema","otherDrugs":[{"name":"levothyroxine","slug":"levothyroxine","company":"Stevens J"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Myxedema coma","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Thyroid hormone receptor alpha","novelty":"First-in-class","targets":[{"gene":"THRA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Thyroid hormone receptor alpha","protein":"Thyroid hormone receptor alpha"},{"gene":"THRB","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Thyroid hormone receptor beta","protein":"Thyroid hormone receptor beta"},{"gene":"THAP1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"THAP domain-containing protein 1","protein":"THAP domain-containing protein 1"},{"gene":"F2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Prothrombin","protein":"Prothrombin"},{"gene":"ADORA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A1","protein":"Adenosine receptor A1"},{"gene":"CYP2C9","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Cytochrome P450 2C9","protein":"Cytochrome P450 2C9"},{"gene":"PPARG","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma","protein":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma"},{"gene":"PCNA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Proliferating cell nuclear antigen","protein":"Proliferating cell nuclear antigen"},{"gene":"GABRA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"GABA-A receptor; anion channel","protein":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1"},{"gene":"GABRA2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"GABA-A receptor; anion channel","protein":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"l-Triiodothyronine","explanation":"Thyroid hormones exert their physiologic actions through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis. Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) diffuse into the cell nucleus and bind to thyroid receptor proteins attached to DNA. This hormone nuclear receptor complex activates gene transcription and synthesis of messenger RNA and cytoplasmic proteins.The physiological actions of thyroid hormones are produced predominantly by T3, the majority of which (approximately 80%) is derived from T4 by deiodination in peripheral tissues.","oneSentence":"Triostat works by mimicking the natural thyroid hormone, l-Triiodothyronine, to stimulate the thyroid hormone receptor alpha.","technicalDetail":"Triostat, a synthetic l-Triiodothyronine, binds to the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRα), activating downstream signaling pathways that regulate metabolism, growth, and development."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liothyronine","title":"Liothyronine","extract":"Liothyronine is a manufactured form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). It is most commonly used to treat hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.","wiki_society_and_culture":"==Society and culture==\n=== Economics ===\nThe British Competition and Markets Authority launched an investigation into the alleged \"excessive and unfair pricing\" of liothyronine tablets in 2017. It alleged that Advanz Pharma overcharged the NHS from before 2007 to July 2017. The price of a pack increased by almost 1,600% from £4.46 before it was debranded in 2007 to £258.19 by July 2017."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1956","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1956-05-08, KING PHARMS R AND D)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1585","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=LIOTHYRONINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=LIOTHYRONINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liothyronine","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T14:07:51.128362","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T01:12:39.499029+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"levothyroxine","drugSlug":"levothyroxine","fdaApproval":"2000-08-21","patentExpiry":"Sep 17, 2039","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"liothyronine","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Congenital hypothyroidism","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":190268003,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":174543,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Eur J Pediatr, 2023 (PMID:37071175)"},{"name":"Diagnostic Test for Thyroid Dysfunction","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"patients with suspected mild hyperthyroidism or thyroid gland autonomy"},{"name":"Goiter","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":3716002,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"patients with various types of euthyroid goiters, including thyroid nodules, subacute or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimotos) and multinodular goiter"},{"name":"Hypothyroidism","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":40930008,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"patients with hypothyroidism of any etiology, except transient hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":174543,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Eur J Pediatr, 2023 (PMID:37071175)"},{"name":"Malignant tumor of thyroid gland","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":363478007,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"not specified"},{"name":"Mild Hypothyroidism","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"not specified"},{"name":"Myxedema","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":43153006,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"patients of any age (pediatric patients, adults, the elderly), or state (including pregnancy)"},{"name":"Myxedema coma","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":21263006,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"not specified"},{"name":"Simple goiter","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":267369002,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"not specified"},{"name":"T3 Suppression for Thyroid Function Test","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"not specified"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"King Pharms","drugCategory":"established","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"levothyroxine","brandName":"levothyroxine","genericName":"levothyroxine","approvalYear":"2000","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07398352","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison Of The Effects Of Regional Anesthesia On Brain And Carotid Artery Oxygenation In Shoulder Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Education and Research Hospital","startDate":"2026-02-23","conditions":["Interscalene 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