{"id":"lidocaine-1-epi-1-200000","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Injection site pain or burning"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Transient paresthesia"},{"rate":"<1%","effect":"Allergic reaction (rare with amide lidocaine)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic toxicity (CNS or cardiac effects at high doses)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that reversibly inhibits sodium influx into nerve fibers, preventing depolarization and action potential propagation. The addition of epinephrine (1:200,000 concentration) acts as a vasconstrictor on local blood vessels, which slows the systemic absorption of lidocaine, extends its duration of action at the injection site, and reduces the risk of systemic toxicity.","oneSentence":"Lidocaine blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to produce local anesthesia, while epinephrine causes vasoconstriction to prolong the anesthetic effect and reduce systemic absorption.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:52:11.766Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local anesthesia for infiltration, nerve blocks, and topical procedures"},{"name":"Dental anesthesia"},{"name":"Minor surgical procedures requiring local anesthesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04421092","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy of SLN Block for Chronic Cough","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Medical University of South Carolina","startDate":"2020-07-22","conditions":"Cough, Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block, Neurogenic Cough","enrollment":17},{"nctId":"NCT05271760","phase":"","title":"Spinal Analgesia as Fast Track Painless Labor","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","startDate":"2022-03-01","conditions":"Labor Pain, Pain, Postoperative, Pain, Acute","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT04996576","phase":"NA","title":"Infrazygomatic Versus Intranasal Injection Sphinopalatine Ganglion Blockade Effect on Surgical Field in FESS","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ain Shams University","startDate":"2021-09-15","conditions":"Nasal Polyps","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT04192708","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Analgesic Efficacy of Nerve Blocks on Otoplastic Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University","startDate":"2020-02-17","conditions":"Microtia, Microtia, Congenital","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT03721081","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Local Anesthesia for Pediatric Cochlear Implant","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Wahba bakhet","startDate":"2014-08-01","conditions":"Anesthesia, Local","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT02838056","phase":"NA","title":"Early Detection of Epidural Onset by Temperature Change","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Taipei Medical University WanFang Hospital","startDate":"2017-02-21","conditions":"Early Confirmation of Epidural Catheterization","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01058525","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Influence of Ultrasonographic Hydro-dissection With Glucose 5% on Nerve Block Efficiency","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hopital Foch","startDate":"2010-01","conditions":"Nerve Block","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01750099","phase":"NA","title":"Pain Relief Effects on Length of Labor","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","startDate":"2013-02","conditions":"Labor Pain","enrollment":202}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Xylocaine 1%/Epi 1:200000"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Lidocaine 1%/Epi 1:200000","genericName":"Lidocaine 1%/Epi 1:200000","companyName":"Wahba bakhet","companyId":"wahba-bakhet","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Lidocaine blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes to produce local anesthesia, while epinephrine causes vasoconstriction to prolong the anesthetic effect and reduce systemic absorption. Used for Local anesthesia for infiltration, nerve blocks, and topical procedures, Dental anesthesia, Minor surgical procedures requiring local anesthesia.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}