{"id":"levonorgestrel-iud","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Irregular bleeding or amenorrhea"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Abdominal/pelvic pain"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Breast tenderness"},{"rate":"2-5","effect":"Expulsion"},{"rate":"0.1-0.3","effect":"Perforation"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device provides sustained local and systemic delivery of the progestin levonorgestrel. This creates a hostile uterine environment by altering endometrial thickness and cervical mucus viscosity, while also suppressing the LH surge needed for ovulation in some cycles. The high local concentration in the uterus combined with minimal systemic absorption makes it highly effective for contraception.","oneSentence":"Levonorgestrel IUD releases a synthetic progestin directly into the uterus to prevent pregnancy through multiple mechanisms including thickening cervical mucus, thinning the endometrium, and inhibiting ovulation.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:52:03.766Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Contraception"},{"name":"Heavy menstrual bleeding (off-label/secondary indication)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07462663","phase":"","title":"SHAPE-ENDO: Multimodal Pre-Surgical Optimization in Patients With Obesity and Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge","startDate":"2026-05","conditions":"Endometrial Cancer, Endometrial Cancer Stage I, Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Carcinoma Stage 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Comparison","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04355598","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Cervical Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream vs Glyceryl Trinitrate Cream in Nulliparous Women With LNG-IUD Insertion","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2020-04-30","conditions":"Contraception","enrollment":195},{"nctId":"NCT04339361","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparative Efficacy of Lidocaine Spray Versus Vaginal Dinoprostone in IUD Insertion","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2020-04-25","conditions":"Contraception","enrollment":111},{"nctId":"NCT04312061","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Effect of Oral Tramadol Administration Prior to IUD Insertion","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2020-03-30","conditions":"Contraception","enrollment":108},{"nctId":"NCT04311658","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Efficacy of the Effect of Isosorbide Mononitrate in Reducing Pain During Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine Device Insertion","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2020-03-30","conditions":"Contraception","enrollment":88},{"nctId":"NCT04045548","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Vaginal Dinoprostone Administration Prior to Insertion Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System in Women With no Previous Vaginal Delivery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2019-08-10","conditions":"Intrauterine Device","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT03499379","phase":"","title":"Stress Hormones and IUDs","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2018-04-16","conditions":"Contraception, Mood Change","enrollment":39},{"nctId":"NCT02735551","phase":"PHASE4","title":"LARC Forward Contraceptive Counseling at MHCC","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2016-04","conditions":"Contraception","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT02550067","phase":"NA","title":"The Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV 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