{"id":"levodopa-dopa-decarboxylase-inhibitor","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"30-50","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Dyskinesia"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Orthostatic hypotension"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Hallucinations"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Insomnia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Confusion"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL351042","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"197.19"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it is converted to dopamine by the enzyme aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. The co-administered dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (typically carbidopa or benserazide) blocks this enzyme in the periphery but cannot cross the blood-brain barrier itself, ensuring that levodopa reaches the brain before being metabolized and reducing peripheral side effects. This combination increases the effective dose of dopamine available in the central nervous system while minimizing systemic adverse effects.","oneSentence":"Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain to replace deficient neurotransmitter levels, while the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor prevents premature conversion in the periphery, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:53.315Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Parkinson's disease"},{"name":"Restless legs syndrome"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04006210","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability Study of ND0612 vs. Oral Immediate Release Levodopa/Carbidopa (IR-LD/CD) in Subjects With Parkinson's Disease Experiencing Motor Fluctuations","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"NeuroDerm Ltd.","startDate":"2019-09-30","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":381},{"nctId":"NCT04978597","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Early ParkinSon wIth L-DOPA/DDCI and OpicapoNe (EPSILON Study)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2021-05-31","conditions":"Parkinson","enrollment":410},{"nctId":"NCT05711082","phase":"NA","title":"REALITY MONITORING","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hôpital le Vinatier","startDate":"2024-01-15","conditions":"Neurosciences","enrollment":39},{"nctId":"NCT00537017","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Follow Up Safety Study of SCH 420814 in Subjects With Parkinson's Disease (P05175)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2007-11-23","conditions":"Parkinson Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System Diseases","enrollment":140},{"nctId":"NCT03541356","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Therapeutic Potential for Intranasal Levodopa in Parkinson's Disease -Off Reversal","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Impel Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2018-05-08","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT03496870","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Opicapone in Subjects With Parkinson's Disease Taking Levodopa.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Neurocrine Biosciences","startDate":"2018-02-08","conditions":"Parkinson Disease","enrollment":16},{"nctId":"NCT00406029","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease (Study P04501)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2006-11-20","conditions":"Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorders, Central Nervous System Diseases","enrollment":253},{"nctId":"NCT02847442","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Opicapone in Clinical Practice","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2016-11-23","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease With Wearing-off Motor Fluctuations","enrollment":518},{"nctId":"NCT03103399","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Tolerability of Nebicapone in Parkinson's Disease Patients With \"Wearingoff\" Phenomenon","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2006-09-26","conditions":"Parkinson Disease","enrollment":254},{"nctId":"NCT02680977","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Mucuna Pruriens Therapy in Parkinson's Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO","startDate":"2016-02","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":18},{"nctId":"NCT01227655","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of BIA 9-1067 in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Patients.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":427},{"nctId":"NCT01568073","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of BIA 9-1067 in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Patients With \"Wearing-off\" Phenomenon","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":600},{"nctId":"NCT01568034","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study to Investigate the Tolerability and Effect of Three Single-dose Regimens of BIA 9-1067","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2009-04","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":10}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["L-dopa/DDCI"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor","genericName":"levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor","companyName":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","companyId":"bial-portela-c-s-a","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain to replace deficient neurotransmitter levels, while the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor prevents premature conversion in the periphery, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain. Used for Parkinson's disease, Restless legs syndrome.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}