{"id":"levobupivacaine-bolus-dosing","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bradycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Paresthesia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic toxicity (CNS/cardiac)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1201193","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"288.44"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Levobupivacaine is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine, a long-acting amide local anesthetic. It works by reversibly binding to and blocking voltage-gated sodium channels on the inner surface of nerve cell membranes, thereby preventing depolarization and transmission of nerve impulses. The S-enantiomer formulation offers improved cardiac safety compared to the racemic mixture while maintaining local anesthetic efficacy.","oneSentence":"Levobupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:52.450Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures"},{"name":"Infiltration anesthesia"},{"name":"Peripheral nerve blocks"},{"name":"Epidural anesthesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT02869841","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Rectal Sheath Analgesia After Midline Laparotomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Kuopio University Hospital","startDate":"2012-01","conditions":"Surgery, Pain Postoperative","enrollment":57}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":3,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["bolus group"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"levobupivacaine bolus dosing","genericName":"levobupivacaine bolus dosing","companyName":"Kuopio University Hospital","companyId":"kuopio-university-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Levobupivacaine is a local anesthetic that blocks sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials. Used for Local and regional anesthesia for surgical procedures, Infiltration anesthesia, Peripheral nerve blocks.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}