{"id":"levobetaxolol","rwe":[{"pmid":"35095528","year":"2021","title":"Development of I(KATP) Ion Channel Blockers Targeting Sulfonylurea Resistant Mutant K(IR)6.2 Based Channels for Treating DEND Syndrome.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"32483675","year":"2020","title":"Medical management of pediatric glaucoma: lessons learned from randomized clinical trials.","finding":"","journal":"Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"26526633","year":"2016","title":"Comparative Effectiveness of First-Line Medications for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.","finding":"","journal":"Ophthalmology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"18289898","year":"2008","title":"Efficacy of brinzolamide and levobetaxolol in pediatric glaucomas: a randomized clinical trial.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"18193114","year":"2007","title":"Gateways to clinical trials.","finding":"","journal":"Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"levobetaxolol","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"ADRB1","category":"gene"},{"label":"ADRB2","category":"gene"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Ocular hypertension","category":"indication"},{"label":"Open-angle glaucoma","category":"indication"},{"label":"Alcon Pharms Ltd","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 2000s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Alcon Pharms Ltd","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=LEVOBETAXOLOL","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:40:01.568072+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobetaxolol","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:40:15.400477+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:40:14.036975+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=LEVOBETAXOLOL","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:40:14.829449+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:40:15.400172+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1200837/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:40:15.294935+00:00"}},"allNames":"betaxon","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["levobetaxolol","levobetaxolol hydrochloride","(-)-Betaxolol","betaxon","levobetaxolol HCl"],"timeline":[{"date":"2000-02-23","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Alcon Pharms Ltd)"}],"aiSummary":"Betaxon (LEVOBETAXOLOL) is a small molecule drug developed by ALCON PHARMS LTD, targeting the beta-1 adrenergic receptor to treat ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. It was FDA approved in 2000 and remains a branded product due to its off-patent status. As a beta-blocker, Betaxon works by reducing the production of fluid in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Key safety considerations include potential effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Betaxon's commercial status and pharmacokinetic properties are not well-documented.","approvals":[{"date":"2000-02-23","orphan":false,"company":"ALCON PHARMS LTD","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Betaxon","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Ocular hypertension","otherDrugs":[{"name":"betaxolol","slug":"betaxolol","company":"Alcon"},{"name":"bimatoprost","slug":"bimatoprost","company":""},{"name":"brimonidine","slug":"brimonidine","company":""},{"name":"brinzolamide","slug":"brinzolamide","company":"Alcon Pharms Ltd"}],"globalPrevalence":1280000000},{"indication":"Open-angle glaucoma","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetazolamide","slug":"acetazolamide","company":"Teva Branded Pharm"},{"name":"apraclonidine","slug":"apraclonidine","company":"Alcon"},{"name":"betaxolol","slug":"betaxolol","company":"Alcon"},{"name":"bimatoprost","slug":"bimatoprost","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"ADRB1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor","protein":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"ADRB2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Beta-2 adrenergic receptor","protein":"Beta-2 adrenergic receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"levobetaxolol","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Betaxon (LEVOBETAXOLOL) is a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist that inhibits the beta-1 receptor in the ciliary body, thereby reducing aqueous humor production and lowering intraocular pressure."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobetaxolol","title":"Levobetaxolol","extract":"Levobetaxolol is a drug used to lower the pressure in the eye in treating conditions such as glaucoma. It is marketed as a 0.25 or 0.5% ophthalmic solution of levobetaxolol hydrochloride under the trade name Betaxon. Levobetaxolol is a beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitor.","wiki_history":"==History==\nLevobetaxolol was developed in the 1980s."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"2000","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 2000-02-23, ALCON PHARMS LTD)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4752","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=LEVOBETAXOLOL","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=LEVOBETAXOLOL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levobetaxolol","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange 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