{"id":"leuprolide-gnrh-agonists","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"60–80","effect":"Hot flashes"},{"rate":"40–60","effect":"Decreased libido"},{"rate":"40–60","effect":"Erectile dysfunction"},{"rate":"10–20","effect":"Injection site reactions"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bone density loss (osteoporosis with long-term use)"},{"rate":"5–10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5–10","effect":"Fatigue"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1200775","moleculeType":"Protein","molecularWeight":"1269.47"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Leuprolide binds to GnRH receptors on pituitary gonadotroph cells, causing an initial surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). With continuous exposure, the pituitary becomes desensitized and downregulates GnRH receptors, resulting in sustained suppression of LH and FSH, which dramatically reduces sex hormone production. This mechanism is exploited therapeutically in hormone-dependent cancers and certain reproductive disorders.","oneSentence":"Leuprolide is a GnRH agonist that initially stimulates, then suppresses gonadotropin release, leading to decreased testosterone and estrogen production.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:49.122Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Advanced prostate cancer"},{"name":"Endometriosis"},{"name":"Uterine fibroids (leiomyomata)"},{"name":"Precocious puberty"},{"name":"Breast cancer (premenopausal women)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07477626","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Radiotherapy After Prostatectomy for Node Positive Prostate Cancer","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2026-01-06","conditions":"Prostate Cancer (Post Prostatectomy), Radiotherapy; Image-Guided, Prostate Cancer Non-Metastatic","enrollment":374},{"nctId":"NCT04931342","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Patients With Persistent or Recurrent Rare Epithelial Ovarian Tumors","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hoffmann-La Roche","startDate":"2021-10-07","conditions":"Ovarian Cancer","enrollment":176},{"nctId":"NCT01546987","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Hormone Therapy, Radiation Therapy, and Steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase TAK-700 in Treating Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Radiation Therapy Oncology Group","startDate":"2012-05","conditions":"Prostate Cancer","enrollment":239},{"nctId":"NCT05700903","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Contributions to Hypertension With Androgen Deprivation Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Colorado, Denver","startDate":"2023-09-20","conditions":"Androgen Deprivation Therapy, Prostate Cancer, Hypertension","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT07313241","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase II Trial of PSA Response-based Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Nodal Coverage for Prostate Cancer Early Salvage Radiotherapy (RANGER)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","startDate":"2025-11-14","conditions":"Prostate Cancer","enrollment":68},{"nctId":"NCT06528210","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Pembrolizumab With Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Patients With High Risk Localized Prostate Cancer","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"OHSU Knight Cancer Institute","startDate":"2025-04-16","conditions":"High Risk Prostate Carcinoma, Localized Prostate Adenocarcinoma, Stage I Prostate Cancer AJCC v8","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02972060","phase":"PHASE2","title":"ODM-201 vs Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Hormone naïve Prostate Cancer","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC","startDate":"2017-12-01","conditions":"Prostate Cancer","enrollment":61},{"nctId":"NCT02685397","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Oligometastases","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital","startDate":"2016-10","conditions":"Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients with Oligometastases","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT03899077","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Radiotherapy Combined With a LHRH (Ant)Agonist Versus Apalutamide in Patients With Biochemical Recurrence After RP","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cancer Research Antwerp","startDate":"2019-04-05","conditions":"Cancer of Prostate","enrollment":202},{"nctId":"NCT05937490","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Adenomyosis and ART","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena","startDate":"2023-03-27","conditions":"Adenomyosis","enrollment":500},{"nctId":"NCT03717870","phase":"NA","title":"Surgery and ART For Endometrioma","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Università degli Studi dell'Insubria","startDate":"2023-10","conditions":"Ovarian Endometrioma, Infertility, Female","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT00004054","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Hormone Therapy Plus Radiation Therapy With or Without Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Radiation Therapy Oncology Group","startDate":"2000-01","conditions":"Prostate Cancer","enrollment":397},{"nctId":"NCT02217566","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study of Abiraterone Acetate in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC), Chemo-Naive, Who Received a Prior Diethylstilbestrol Therapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Janssen Research & Development, LLC","startDate":"2014-09-23","conditions":"Prostatic Neoplasms","enrollment":46},{"nctId":"NCT03078829","phase":"","title":"The Relation of GnRH Treatment to QTc Interval in Transgender Females","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of California, San Francisco","startDate":"2017-05-01","conditions":"Gender Dysphoria","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT00283803","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Exisulind and Intermittent Androgen Suppression (ADT) in Biochemical Relapsed Prostate Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Washington","startDate":"2002-03-12","conditions":"Prostate Cancer","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT01343368","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Preservation of Ovarian Function After Hematopoietic Cell Transplant","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota","startDate":"2011-07","conditions":"Multiple Myeloma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Hodgkin Disease","enrollment":19},{"nctId":"NCT03211052","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of Neoadjuvant TAK-700 and Leuprorelin Acetate Followed by Surgery Versus Surgery Alone","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Centre of Experimental Medicine","startDate":"2013-02-18","conditions":"Prostate Cancer","enrollment":16},{"nctId":"NCT02288130","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ulipristal vs. GnRHa Prior to Laparoscopic Myomectomy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc","startDate":"2014-12","conditions":"Fibroids","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02920515","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment for Children Precocious Puberty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ruijin Hospital","startDate":"2012-09","conditions":"Central Precocious Puberty","enrollment":740},{"nctId":"NCT01603420","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"External Beam Radiation With or Without Chemotherapy to Treat High Risk Prostate Cancer","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Proton Collaborative Group","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":"Prostate Cancer","enrollment":2},{"nctId":"NCT00601276","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparison of Two Pharmacological Treatments of Pedophilia","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France","startDate":"2007-12","conditions":"Pedophilia","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT00438217","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Analysis of Genetic and Environmental Parameters Influencing Growth Rate of Precocious Puberty Children","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Pisa","startDate":"","conditions":"Central Precocious Puberty","enrollment":100}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":237,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Leuprolide (GnRH agonists)","genericName":"Leuprolide (GnRH agonists)","companyName":"University of Pisa","companyId":"university-of-pisa","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Leuprolide is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist that belongs to the drug class of AGONIST. It is used to treat conditions such as Central Precocious Puberty, Fibroids, Adenomyosis, and Prostate Cancer.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}