{"id":"lactose","rwe":[{"pmid":"41906357","year":"2026","title":"The Effects of Therapeutic Ultrasound on Human Milk Composition: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Design Study.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41906225","year":"2026","title":"Regulation of high-density cell growth by Rgg transcription factors in Streptococcus thermophilus S-3.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of the science of food and agriculture","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41905615","year":"2026","title":"Low-cost particulate matter sensors for real-time spatiotemporal detection of pharmaceutical dust in containment.","finding":"","journal":"European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41900794","year":"2026","title":"Advanced Optimization of Clonazepam-Loaded Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Comparison of Weighted Goal Programming and Desirability Function in a Quality by Design Framework.","finding":"","journal":"Pharmaceutics","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41898696","year":"2026","title":"Food as Friend or Foe: A Decadal Narrative Review of Dietary Patterns as Determinants of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology and Clinical Outcomes (2015-2025).","finding":"","journal":"International journal of molecular sciences","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"lactose","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Galectin-9","category":"target"},{"label":"LGALS9","category":"gene"},{"label":"LGALS8","category":"gene"},{"label":"LGALS3","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Lactose intolerance","category":"indication"},{"label":"Kantonsspital Aarau","category":"company"},{"label":"Flavoring Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Food Additives","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sweetening Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":141.591,"date":"","count":23,"signal":"Allergic reaction to excipient","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 23 times (LLR=142)"},{"llr":76.303,"date":"","count":30,"signal":"Oesophagitis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 30 times (LLR=76)"},{"llr":65.999,"date":"","count":72,"signal":"Drug hypersensitivity","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 72 times (LLR=66)"},{"llr":47.545,"date":"","count":10,"signal":"Allergy to metals","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 10 times (LLR=48)"},{"llr":47.454,"date":"","count":52,"signal":"Dehydration","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 52 times (LLR=47)"},{"llr":47.332,"date":"","count":10,"signal":"Iodine allergy","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 10 times (LLR=47)"},{"llr":37.883,"date":"","count":10,"signal":"Rubber sensitivity","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 10 times (LLR=38)"},{"llr":37.853,"date":"","count":10,"signal":"Eye oedema","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 10 times (LLR=38)"},{"llr":37.475,"date":"","count":8,"signal":"Radiation oesophagitis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8 times (LLR=37)"},{"llr":34.102,"date":"","count":32,"signal":"Dysphagia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 32 times (LLR=34)"},{"llr":29.984,"date":"","count":8,"signal":"Reaction to excipient","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8 times (LLR=30)"},{"llr":24.195,"date":"","count":17,"signal":"Hypophagia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 17 times (LLR=24)"},{"llr":24.171,"date":"","count":19,"signal":"Pneumonitis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 19 times (LLR=24)"},{"llr":22.951,"date":"","count":20,"signal":"Angioedema","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 20 times (LLR=23)"}],"commonSideEffects":[]},"trials":[],"aliases":["Lactose powder","placebo granules and tablets","Placebo","Miflonide","Pulmicort"],"company":"Kantonsspital Aarau","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Lactose","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:07:32.342184+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:07:40.742641+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:07:39.416823+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lactose","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:07:40.158859+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL5314358/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T01:07:40.627539+00:00"}},"allNames":"dilactose","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["anhydrous lactose","lactose","aletobiose","(+)-Lactose","dilactose","lactobiose","respitose"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Dilactose","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Lactose intolerance","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":360000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Galectin-9","targets":[{"gene":"LGALS9","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Galectin-9","protein":"Galectin-9"},{"gene":"LGALS8","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Galectin-8","protein":"Galectin-8"},{"gene":"LGALS3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Galectin-3","protein":"Galectin-3"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"lactose","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Dilactose acts as a substrate for the enzyme lactase, facilitating the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed and utilized by the body."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose","title":"Lactose","extract":"Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lac (gen. lactis), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars. The compound is a white, water-soluble, non-hygroscopic solid with a mildly sweet taste. It is used in the food industry.","wiki_history":"==History==\nThe first crude isolation of lactose, by Italian physician Fabrizio Bartoletti (1576–1630), was published in 1633. In 1700, the Venetian pharmacist Lodovico Testi (1640–1707) published a booklet of testimonials to the power of milk sugar () to relieve, among other ailments, the symptoms of arthritis. In 1715, Testi's procedure for making milk sugar was published by Antonio Vallisneri. Lactose was identified as a sugar in 1780 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.\n\nIn 1812, Heinrich Vogel (1778–1867) recognized that glucose was a product of hydrolyzing lactose. In 1856, Louis Pasteur crystallized the other component of lactose, galactose. By 1894, Emil Fischer had established the configurations of the component sugars.\n\nLactose was named by the French chemist Jean Baptiste André Dumas (1800–1884) in 1843. In 1856, Pasteur named galactose \"lactose\". In 1860, Marcellin Berthelot renamed it \"galactose\", and transferred the name \"lactose\" to what is now called lactose. It has a formula of  and the hydrate formula , making it an isomer of sucrose."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1535","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Lactose","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lactose","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T12:13:50.769307","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T01:07:42.504919+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[],"genericName":"lactose","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Lactose 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