{"id":"lactams-or-ciprofloxacin","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting)"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Allergic reactions (rash, urticaria)"},{"rate":"0.1-1","effect":"Tendinopathy (ciprofloxacin)"},{"rate":"rare","effect":"QT prolongation (ciprofloxacin)"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Photosensitivity (ciprofloxacin)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL8","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"331.35"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"β-lactams are bactericidal agents that disrupt peptidoglycan cross-linking in the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that inhibits essential bacterial enzymes required for DNA replication and transcription. These are distinct antibiotic classes with different mechanisms, often used for different bacterial infections or sometimes in combination for broader coverage.","oneSentence":"β-lactams inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins, while ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to prevent DNA replication.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:22.443Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Bacterial infections susceptible to β-lactams (e.g., pneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin infections)"},{"name":"Bacterial infections susceptible to ciprofloxacin (e.g., respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00719056","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Teicoplanin Prophylaxis for Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Athens","startDate":"2004-08","conditions":"Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties","enrollment":616}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":187666,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Cephalosporins or ciprofloxacin or penicillincs"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"β-lactams or ciprofloxacin","genericName":"β-lactams or ciprofloxacin","companyName":"University of Athens","companyId":"university-of-athens","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"β-lactams inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding penicillin-binding proteins, while ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV to prevent DNA replication. Used for Bacterial infections susceptible to β-lactams (e.g., pneumonia, urinary tract infections, skin infections), Bacterial infections susceptible to ciprofloxacin (e.g., respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}