{"id":"l-dopa-ddci","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dyskinesia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Orthostatic hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Insomnia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hallucinations"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"L-DOPA is a precursor to dopamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it is converted to dopamine by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). DDCI (typically benserazide or carbidopa) inhibits AADC in the periphery but cannot cross the blood-brain barrier itself, thereby reducing systemic side effects and increasing the proportion of L-DOPA that reaches the brain for conversion to dopamine. This combination restores dopaminergic neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease patients.","oneSentence":"L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the brain to replace deficient neurotransmitter levels, while DDCI (a decarboxylase inhibitor) prevents premature conversion of L-DOPA in the periphery, allowing more to reach the central nervous system.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:33:47.782Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Parkinson's disease"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04986982","phase":"PHASE4","title":"OpiCapone Effect on Motor Fluctuations and pAiN","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2021-02-25","conditions":"Parkinson Disease","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT04986995","phase":"PHASE4","title":"OpicApone Sleep dISorder","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2021-06-09","conditions":"Parkinson Disease","enrollment":22},{"nctId":"NCT04978597","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Early ParkinSon wIth L-DOPA/DDCI and OpicapoNe (EPSILON Study)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2021-05-31","conditions":"Parkinson","enrollment":410},{"nctId":"NCT04990284","phase":"PHASE4","title":"eArly levoDopa With Opicapone in Parkinson's paTients wIth motOr fluctuatioNs.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2021-11-29","conditions":"Parkinson Disease","enrollment":106},{"nctId":"NCT04821687","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Study to Evaluate the add-on Efficacy and Safety of Opicapone 50 mg or an Extra Dose of L-DOPA 100 mg for the Treatment of Wearing-off in Patients With PD","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"SK Chemicals Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2021-06-17","conditions":"Parkinson Disease","enrollment":169},{"nctId":"NCT02847442","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Opicapone in Clinical Practice","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2016-11-23","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease With Wearing-off Motor Fluctuations","enrollment":518},{"nctId":"NCT01227655","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of BIA 9-1067 in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Patients.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":427},{"nctId":"NCT01568073","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of BIA 9-1067 in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Patients With \"Wearing-off\" Phenomenon","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Parkinson's Disease","enrollment":600}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":4,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Levodopa"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"L-DOPA/DDCI","genericName":"L-DOPA/DDCI","companyName":"Bial - Portela C S.A.","companyId":"bial-portela-c-s-a","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the brain to replace deficient neurotransmitter levels, while DDCI (a decarboxylase inhibitor) prevents premature conversion of L-DOPA in the periphery, allowing more to reach the central nervous system. Used for Parkinson's disease.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}