{"id":"ketotifen-naphazoline","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Ocular irritation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Mydriasis"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Transient stinging"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1633","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"425.51"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketotifen prevents mast cell degranulation and blocks histamine H1 receptors to reduce allergic symptoms, while naphazoline acts as a decongestant by stimulating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors on blood vessels to reduce redness and swelling. This combination addresses both the inflammatory and vascular components of allergic eye disease.","oneSentence":"Ketotifen is a mast cell stabilizer and H1-receptor antagonist, while naphazoline is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, together reducing allergic inflammation and vasoconstriction in the eye.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:17:55.162Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Allergic conjunctivitis"},{"name":"Ocular itching and redness associated with allergies"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00769886","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Ketotifen/Naphazoline Ophthalmic Solution in the Conjunctival Allergen Challenge Model of Allergic Conjunctivitis.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bausch & Lomb Incorporated","startDate":"2008-10","conditions":"Allergic Conjunctivitis","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT00770133","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Ketotifen/Naphazoline Ophthalmic Solution in the Conjunctival Allergen Challenge Model of Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bausch & Lomb Incorporated","startDate":"2010-02","conditions":"Allergic Conjunctivitis","enrollment":141}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":8,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Ketotifen/naphazoline","genericName":"Ketotifen/naphazoline","companyName":"Bausch & Lomb Incorporated","companyId":"bausch-lomb-incorporated","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ketotifen is a mast cell stabilizer and H1-receptor antagonist, while naphazoline is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, together reducing allergic inflammation and vasoconstriction in the eye. Used for Allergic conjunctivitis, Ocular itching and redness associated with allergies.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}