{"id":"ketorolac-tromethamine-injection","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Renal impairment or acute kidney injury"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dyspepsia or abdominal pain"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"By blocking COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, ketorolac reduces the production of prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation, pain, and fever. The injectable formulation provides rapid onset of action, making it suitable for acute moderate-to-severe pain management in perioperative and postoperative settings. Its potency as an NSAID makes it effective for short-term use, though prolonged use carries risks of gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular adverse effects typical of the drug class.","oneSentence":"Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby decreasing inflammation and pain.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:06.775Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate to severe acute pain (postoperative or perioperative)"},{"name":"Short-term pain management in hospitalized patients"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06112548","phase":"NA","title":"The Efficiency of Periarticular Multimodal Drug Injection in Pain Management Following Primary Unilateral TKA","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Damascus University","startDate":"2024-03-01","conditions":"Arthritis Knee, Pain, Arthroplasty 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