{"id":"ketorolac-tromethamine-0-45","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Ocular irritation or stinging"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Conjunctival erythema"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Corneal effects (rare)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1201124","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"376.41"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"As an NSAID, ketorolac blocks COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. The ophthalmic formulation (0.45%) is applied topically to the eye to reduce ocular inflammation and pain following surgical procedures or injury. Its potent anti-inflammatory effect makes it particularly useful in ophthalmology for managing postoperative discomfort.","oneSentence":"Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and thereby decrease inflammation and pain.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:08.609Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Postoperative ocular inflammation and pain"},{"name":"Ocular pain and inflammation following eye surgery"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT02646072","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Preoperative Topical Ketorolac on Aqueous Cytokine Levels and Macular Thickness in Cataract Surgery Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Malaya","startDate":"2014-08","conditions":"Cystoid Macular Edema, Postoperative, Diabetes Mellitus","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01799863","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Artificial Tears Versus Preservative Free Ketorolac Trometamol 0.45% for Acute Viral Conjunctivitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Fundação Altino Ventura","startDate":"2012-06","conditions":"Conjunctivitis, Viral","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT01193231","phase":"","title":"A 6 Month Study to Evaluate the Safety, Analgesic Efficacy of ACUVAIL™ (Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Solution) 0.45%, in Post-PRK Corneal Wound Healing","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Durrie Vision","startDate":"2010-08","conditions":"Must be PRK Candidate","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT01001806","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparison of Peak Aqueous Penetration of Acuvail (Ketorolac 0.45%), Xibrom (Bromfenac 0.09%), and Nevanac (Nepafenac 0.1%)in Patients Undergoing Phacoemulsification","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Frank A. Bucci, Jr., M.D.","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Cataracts","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT01021761","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparison of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Inhibition of Acuvail(Ketorolac 0.45%), Xibrom (Bromfenac 0.09%)and Nevanac (Nepafenac)in Patients Undergoing Phacoemulsification","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Frank A. Bucci, Jr., M.D.","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Cataracts","enrollment":126},{"nctId":"NCT01023724","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Comparison of Post Phacoemulsification Aqueous Flare in Patients Using Ketorolac 0.45% 2 Times Daily (BID) and Bromfenac 0.09% 2 Times Daily (BID)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bucci Laser Vision Institute","startDate":"2009-12","conditions":"Post Operative Anterior Chamber Inflammation (Flare)","enrollment":50}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":6,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Acuvail"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.45%","genericName":"Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.45%","companyName":"Bucci Laser Vision Institute","companyId":"bucci-laser-vision-institute","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and thereby decrease inflammation and pain. Used for Postoperative ocular inflammation and pain, Ocular pain and inflammation following eye surgery.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}