{"id":"ketorolac-ranibizumab","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Conjunctival hemorrhage"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Eye pain or irritation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Floaters"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Increased intraocular pressure"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal effects (ketorolac systemic)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin-mediated inflammation. Ranibizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds and neutralizes vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), preventing its interaction with VEGF receptors and thereby suppressing abnormal blood vessel growth. The combination targets both inflammatory and angiogenic pathways implicated in retinal diseases.","oneSentence":"Ketorolac reduces ocular inflammation via COX inhibition while ranibizumab blocks VEGF-A to inhibit pathological neovascularization in the eye.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:15.641Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)"},{"name":"Diabetic macular edema (DME)"},{"name":"Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01640171","phase":"NA","title":"Anesthesia Preference for Intravitreal Injection: Topical or Subconjunctival","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Retina Vitreous Associates of Florida","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":"Age-related Macular Degeneration, Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, Diabetic Macular Edema","enrollment":57},{"nctId":"NCT02060604","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Pilot Study of Ranibizumab With and Without Ketorolac Eyedrops for Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Università degli Studi di Brescia","startDate":"2012-12","conditions":"Wet Macular Degeneration","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":4,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Ketorolac + Ranibizumab","genericName":"Ketorolac + Ranibizumab","companyName":"Università degli Studi di Brescia","companyId":"universit-degli-studi-di-brescia","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ketorolac reduces ocular inflammation via COX inhibition while ranibizumab blocks VEGF-A to inhibit pathological neovascularization in the eye. Used for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Diabetic macular edema (DME), Retinal vein occlusion (RVO).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}