{"id":"ketorolac-pill","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Gastrointestinal upset / dyspepsia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"3-5","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Renal impairment"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiovascular events"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL469","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"255.27"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketorolac works by blocking COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins that mediate pain, inflammation, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin levels, ketorolac provides rapid analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It is typically used for short-term management of moderate to severe acute pain.","oneSentence":"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and decrease pain and inflammation.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:17:48.694Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate to severe acute pain (short-term use)"},{"name":"Postoperative pain management"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05488847","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Opioid-Free Pain Protocol After Shoulder Arthroplasty","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Henry Ford Health System","startDate":"2022-06-25","conditions":"Shoulder Arthropathy, Shoulder Pain","enrollment":83},{"nctId":"NCT03888144","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Ketorolac Versus Opioid for Pain After Endoscopy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Cleveland Clinic","startDate":"2017-10-13","conditions":"Kidney Calculi, Ureteral Calculi","enrollment":81},{"nctId":"NCT07158476","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Methylprednisolone for Pain Control After ACL Repair","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"St. Louis University","startDate":"2025-10-21","conditions":"ACL Surgery, Pain Management","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT04666701","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Escócia Association in the Treatment of Acute Pain","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"EMS","startDate":"2023-02","conditions":"Acute Pain","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04648540","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Multimodal Opioid-free Anesthesia Versus Opioid-based Anesthesia for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgeries: RCT","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2020-12-01","conditions":"Anesthesia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04872283","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Effect of Postoperative Ketorolac on Bone Healing After Joint Fusion","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Rothman Institute Orthopaedics","startDate":"2019-05-23","conditions":"Ketorolac, Joint Fusion","enrollment":140},{"nctId":"NCT03426137","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Relieving Acute Pain (RAP) Study: A Pilot Study","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","startDate":"2018-09-17","conditions":"Trauma, Opioid Use, Spine Fusion","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT01868425","phase":"PHASE4","title":"ACL Repair and Multimodal Analgesia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","startDate":"2013-04","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":112},{"nctId":"NCT03066544","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Status Migrainosus - Differentiating Between Responders and Non-responders","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hartford HealthCare","startDate":"2016-11-30","conditions":"Migraine","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02322996","phase":"","title":"Phenotyping Acute Pain for Discovery Research and Directed Therapeutics","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"East Carolina University","startDate":"2018-02-21","conditions":"Post op Pain","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT01138150","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ictal and Interictal Inflammatory Markers in Migraine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2009-09","conditions":"Migraine","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT02312739","phase":"NA","title":"Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management During In-office Transcervical Sterilization","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of New Mexico","startDate":"2014-02","conditions":"Contraception, Inhalation of Nitrous Oxide","enrollment":72}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Ketorolac Pill","genericName":"Ketorolac Pill","companyName":"Rothman Institute Orthopaedics","companyId":"rothman-institute-orthopaedics","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and decrease pain and inflammation. Used for Moderate to severe acute pain (short-term use), Postoperative pain management.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}