{"id":"ketorolac-nasal-spray","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Nasal irritation or discomfort"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Rhinitis"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal upset"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL469","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"255.27"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketorolac blocks COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins that mediate pain, inflammation, and fever. When administered as a nasal spray, it delivers the drug directly to nasal tissues for localized anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. This formulation allows for rapid onset of pain relief with potentially lower systemic exposure compared to oral or parenteral routes.","oneSentence":"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and provide analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:08.620Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate acute pain in adults (nasal spray formulation)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06083571","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Intranasal Ketorolac Trial","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Washington University School of Medicine","startDate":"2024-01-01","conditions":"Headache, Migraine","enrollment":41},{"nctId":"NCT01807234","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of Ketorolac Nasal Spray to Sumatriptan Nasal Spray and Placebo for Acute Treatment of Migraine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2013-02","conditions":"Migraines","enrollment":72},{"nctId":"NCT01356212","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Assessment of Nasal Deposition and Clearance of Ketorolac Solution Administered Using the Valois Nasal Spray Device","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Egalet Ltd","startDate":"2002-09","conditions":"Healthy Subjects","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT01490931","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intranasal Ketorolac for Postsurgical Pain in Dental Implant Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hersh, Elliot V., DMD, MS, PhD","startDate":"2011-11","conditions":"Acute Pain","enrollment":28}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":4,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["SPRIX"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Ketorolac Nasal Spray","genericName":"Ketorolac Nasal Spray","companyName":"Hersh, Elliot V., DMD, MS, PhD","companyId":"hersh-elliot-v-dmd-ms-phd","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis and provide analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Used for Moderate acute pain in adults (nasal spray formulation).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}