{"id":"ketorolac-intramuscular","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Renal impairment"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dyspepsia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketorolac blocks both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin levels, ketorolac provides rapid analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The intramuscular formulation allows for quick onset of action, making it suitable for acute moderate to severe pain management in hospital and clinical settings.","oneSentence":"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby decreasing inflammation and pain.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:51:08.449Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Moderate to severe acute pain (short-term use, typically ≤5 days)"},{"name":"Postoperative pain"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07092566","phase":"PHASE3","title":"R.E.C.K vs Exparel in Robotic Nephrectomy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences","startDate":"2025-11-14","conditions":"Renal Carcinoma, Nephrectomy / Methods, Pain Management","enrollment":170},{"nctId":"NCT07276906","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparing Intramuscular Fentanyl and Ketorolac With Nerve of Arnold (NOA) Block for Bilateral Myringotomy","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of South Alabama","startDate":"2026-01","conditions":"Postoperative Pain","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT06968806","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study on Ketorolac for Improving Outcomes and Prognosis in Patients With Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School","startDate":"2025-10-27","conditions":"Aortic Dissection, Inflammation","enrollment":360},{"nctId":"NCT04763876","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intramuscular Ketorolac at Two Single-Dose Regimens","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"William Beaumont Army Medical Center","startDate":"2020-06-27","conditions":"Musculoskeletal Pain, Analgesia, Adverse Event","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT03453541","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ketorolac Use in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Albany Medical College","startDate":"2017-11-21","conditions":"Analgesic Adverse Reaction","enrollment":214},{"nctId":"NCT06395428","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Haloperidol for Pain Control in Patients With Acute Musculoskeletal Back Pain in the Emergency Department","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Western Michigan University School of Medicine","startDate":"2024-07-09","conditions":"Back Pain, Chronic Pain","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT05413902","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Multi-Modal Anesthesia Protocol in Pain Management of Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Puerto Rico","startDate":"2021-04-05","conditions":"Pain Management, Posterior Spinal Fusion","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02922985","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Multimodal Pain Management for Cesarean Delivery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston","startDate":"2016-10","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT02653742","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ketorolac Sublingual vs. Fentanyl Intranasal in Pain Control for Bilateral Myringotomy and Tubes (BMT) Placement in Children","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Anica Crnkovic","startDate":"2015-05","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative, Otitis Media","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT04618497","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Pilot Study on the Use of Methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) for Pain Control in the Emergency Department","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital Authority, Hong Kong","startDate":"2020-10-28","conditions":"Acute Traumatic Pain","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03649334","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ketamine-ketorolac Versus Fentanyl- Ketorolac I.M in Children During Bone Marrow Biopsy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mansoura University","startDate":"2018-08-26","conditions":"Hematological Malignancy (Leukemia- Lymphoma)","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT03996564","phase":"NA","title":"Battlefield Acupuncture for Acute/Subacute Back Pain in the Emergency Department","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"San Antonio Military Medical Center","startDate":"2016-02-22","conditions":"Low Back Pain, Mechanical","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT03619785","phase":"PHASE4","title":"US-guided SAPB for Rib Fractures in the ED","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Andrew A Herring","startDate":"2018-11-06","conditions":"Rib Fractures, Rib Fracture Multiple","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT02322996","phase":"","title":"Phenotyping Acute Pain for Discovery Research and Directed Therapeutics","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"East Carolina University","startDate":"2018-02-21","conditions":"Post op Pain","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02729285","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Preoperative Ketorolac for Pain Control in Scleral Buckle Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2014-07","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":73},{"nctId":"NCT02312739","phase":"NA","title":"Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management During In-office Transcervical Sterilization","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of New Mexico","startDate":"2014-02","conditions":"Contraception, Inhalation of Nitrous Oxide","enrollment":72},{"nctId":"NCT02664116","phase":"PHASE4","title":"IM Ketorolac vs Cambia for the Acute Treatment of Severe Migraine","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Scripps Health","startDate":"2016-01","conditions":"Migraine Headache","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01664559","phase":"NA","title":"Pain Control for Intrauterine Device Placement: A Trial of Ketorolac Prior to Intrauterine Device Placement","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lynn Ngo","startDate":"2012-07","conditions":"Pain Control With IUD Insertion","enrollment":67},{"nctId":"NCT01595282","phase":"NA","title":"Intramuscular Ketorolac Versus Oral Ibuprofen for Pain Relief in First Trimester Suction Curettage","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Planned Parenthood League of Massachusetts","startDate":"2011-06","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":94}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":257,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Toradol"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Ketorolac, intramuscular","genericName":"Ketorolac, intramuscular","companyName":"The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston","companyId":"the-university-of-texas-medical-branch-galveston","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby decreasing inflammation and pain. Used for Moderate to severe acute pain (short-term use, typically ≤5 days), Postoperative pain.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}