{"id":"ketamine-and-magnesium-sulfate","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Dissociation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Emergence reactions"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL3989857","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"246.47"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketamine is a non-competitive antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, blocking glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission and producing dissociative anesthesia and analgesia. Magnesium sulfate potentiates this effect by acting as a natural NMDA receptor antagonist and provides additional neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory benefits. This combination is used to enhance anesthetic and analgesic efficacy while potentially reducing required ketamine doses.","oneSentence":"Ketamine acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist while magnesium sulfate enhances NMDA receptor blockade and provides neuroprotection, together reducing pain and providing anesthesia.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:50:54.451Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Anesthesia induction and maintenance"},{"name":"Acute pain management"},{"name":"Perioperative analgesia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07489001","phase":"","title":"Opioid Free and Opioid Based Anesthesia in Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Marmara University","startDate":"2025-12-09","conditions":"Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Lumbar Disc Herniation With Radiculopathy, Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT07433231","phase":"NA","title":"Magnesium Sulfate Versus 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