{"id":"ketamina-propofol-combination","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypotension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Respiratory depression"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Emergence reactions (ketamine-related)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Injection site pain (propofol-related)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dissociation"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketamine blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors to provide dissociative anesthesia and analgesia, while propofol enhances GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission to produce sedation and hypnosis. The combination leverages synergistic effects to achieve faster induction, reduced dosing requirements, and potentially improved hemodynamic stability compared to either agent alone.","oneSentence":"A combination of ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) and propofol (GABA-A agonist) that produces rapid anesthesia and sedation through dual CNS depression pathways.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:50:54.753Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia"},{"name":"Procedural sedation"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07267377","phase":"NA","title":"Effects of Different Sedation Techniques on Early Cognitive Recovery After Ambulatory Gynecologic Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sait Fatih Öner","startDate":"2024-12-15","conditions":"Cognitive Recovery, Sedation, Ambulatory Gynecologic Surgery","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT07088380","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Ketamine Augmentation of ECT in Treatment-Resistant Depression","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele","startDate":"2025-07-10","conditions":"Major Depressive Disorder, Treatment Resistant Depression","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT05341154","phase":"NA","title":"Ketamine Versus Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Postoperative Delirium","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Huda Fahmy Mahmoud, PhD","startDate":"2021-12-01","conditions":"Emergence Delirium","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT01126957","phase":"NA","title":"Combined Ketamine/Propofol for Emergency Department Procedural Sedation","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Missouri-Columbia","startDate":"2007-05","conditions":"Procedural Sedation and Analgesia","enrollment":107},{"nctId":"NCT03115489","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Efficacy of Ketamine Infusion Compared With Traditional Anti-epileptic Agents in Refractory Status Epilepticus","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","startDate":"2017-05-04","conditions":"Refractory Epilepsy","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02643979","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ketamine and Propofol Combination Versus Propofol for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","startDate":"2016-01-01","conditions":"Obesity, Bariatrics, Sleep Apnea Syndromes","enrollment":22},{"nctId":"NCT04018157","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Single Bolus Dose of Ketodex Versus Ketofol For Prevention Of Emergence Agitation In Adults Undergoing Nasal Surgeries","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Zagazig University","startDate":"2019-07-03","conditions":"Agitation, Emergence","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT01651988","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Ketamine-Propofol for Short Surgical Procedures","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidad de Cartagena","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Anesthesia; Reaction","enrollment":77}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":1,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Ketofol"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Ketamina-Propofol Combination","genericName":"Ketamina-Propofol Combination","companyName":"Universidad de Cartagena","companyId":"universidad-de-cartagena","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"A combination of ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) and propofol (GABA-A agonist) that produces rapid anesthesia and sedation through dual CNS depression pathways. Used for Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, Procedural sedation.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}