{"id":"keppra-xr-levetiracetam-xr","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"15-20","effect":"Somnolence"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Fatigue"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Behavioral/mood changes (irritability, aggression)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Ataxia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Infection"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL258896","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"549.67"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Levetiracetam's exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is believed to work primarily through binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, which may affect calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. The extended-release (XR) formulation provides sustained drug levels over 24 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing compared to the immediate-release formulation. This mechanism differs from traditional anticonvulsants and does not involve GABA modulation or sodium channel blockade.","oneSentence":"Levetiracetam reduces seizure activity by binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A and modulating neurotransmitter release.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:17:43.460Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures in epilepsy"},{"name":"Adjunctive therapy for myoclonic seizures in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy"},{"name":"Adjunctive therapy for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05737511","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Hydroxyzine for Patients With Panic Disorder","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sultan Qaboos University","startDate":"2023-12-30","conditions":"Panic Disorder","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT00368069","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Look at the Efficacy and Safety of Keppra® Extended Release Formulation - XR","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"UCB Pharma","startDate":"2006-08","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":158},{"nctId":"NCT00961441","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics of Keppra Extended Release (XR) in Children and Adults With Epilepsy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"UCB BIOSCIENCES, Inc.","startDate":"2009-09","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT00419094","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Conversion to Monotherapy Study With Keppra XR for Partial Seizures","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"UCB Pharma","startDate":"2007-08","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":228},{"nctId":"NCT00419393","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Long Term Follow-up Study With Keppra XR (Levetiracetam XR) for Partial Seizures","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"UCB Pharma","startDate":"2007-12","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":190},{"nctId":"NCT00970814","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Levetiracetam XR in Very Heavy Drinkers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Alcoholism","enrollment":130}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":5,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Keppra XR"],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Keppra XR (Levetiracetam XR)","genericName":"Keppra XR (Levetiracetam XR)","companyName":"UCB Pharma","companyId":"ucb","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Levetiracetam reduces seizure activity by binding to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A and modulating neurotransmitter release. Used for Adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures in epilepsy, Adjunctive therapy for myoclonic seizures in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Adjunctive therapy for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}