{"id":"keppra-extended-release-formulation-xr","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"15-30","effect":"Somnolence"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Asthenia/fatigue"},{"rate":"10-15","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Behavioral/mood changes (irritability, aggression)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Ataxia/coordination problems"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Infection"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Levetiracetam's exact mechanism is not fully elucidated, but it is believed to work primarily through binding to SV2A, a protein involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. This binding may modulate neurotransmitter release and reduce abnormal neuronal firing. Unlike many other antiepileptic drugs, it does not directly affect sodium or calcium channels or enhance GABA inhibition.","oneSentence":"Levetiracetam binds to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) to reduce neuronal excitability and prevent seizure propagation.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:17:53.300Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures"},{"name":"Adjunctive therapy for myoclonic seizures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy"},{"name":"Adjunctive therapy for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00368069","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Look at the Efficacy and Safety of Keppra® Extended Release Formulation - XR","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"UCB Pharma","startDate":"2006-08","conditions":"Epilepsy","enrollment":158}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":10,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Levetiracetam XR"],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Keppra® extended release formulation - XR","genericName":"Keppra® extended release formulation - XR","companyName":"UCB Pharma","companyId":"ucb","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Levetiracetam binds to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) to reduce neuronal excitability and prevent seizure propagation. Used for Adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures, Adjunctive therapy for myoclonic seizures in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, Adjunctive therapy for primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}