{"id":"isopropamide","rwe":[{"pmid":"39489129","year":"2025","title":"Indirect photodegradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products in dissolved black carbon solution: The role of microheterogeneous distribution of hydroxyl radical and sorption.","finding":"","journal":"Water research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"26886506","year":"2016","title":"Photochemical Transformation of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in Simulated Natural Waters.","finding":"","journal":"Environmental science & technology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"20376832","year":"2010","title":"Spectrophotometric determination of isopropamide iodide and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in presence of trifluoperazine oxidative degradate.","finding":"","journal":"Drug testing and analysis","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"11470197","year":"2001","title":"Spectrophotometric determination of trifluoperazine HCl and isopropamide iodide in binary mixture using second derivative and second derivative of the ratio spectra methods.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"1678622","year":"1991","title":"Spectrophotometric determination of some pharmaceutical amides through charge-transfer complexation reactions.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"isopropamide","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","category":"target"},{"label":"CHRM1","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRM3","category":"gene"},{"label":"A03AB09","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Peptic ulcer","category":"indication"},{"label":"Glaxosmithkline","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1950s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"contraindications":["Achalasia of esophagus","Acute disease of cardiovascular system","Alcoholism","Anemia","Angina pectoris","Angle-closure glaucoma","At risk for aspiration","Atony of colon","Autonomic dysreflexia","Benign prostatic hyperplasia","Bladder outflow obstruction","Bleeding","Bradycardia","Brain damage","Breastfeeding (mother)","Carcinoma of female breast","Chronic disease of respiratory system","Chronic heart failure","Chronic lung disease","Coma","Complete trisomy 21 syndrome","Conduction disorder of the heart","Congenital long QT syndrome","Disease of liver","Disorder of coronary artery"]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"GSK","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ISOPROPAMIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T04:05:55.704431+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T04:06:00.593397+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ISOPROPAMIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T04:06:00.918758+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 antagonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T04:06:01.973503+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1200347/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T04:06:01.625742+00:00"}},"allNames":"isopropamid","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["isopropamide bromide","isopropamide","isopropamid","isopropamide iodide"],"timeline":[{"date":"1957-10-09","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Glaxosmithkline)"}],"aiSummary":"Isopropamide, also known as ISOPROPAMIDE, is a small molecule drug developed by GlaxoSmithKline that targets the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1. It was approved by the FDA in 1957 for the treatment of peptic ulcers. As an off-patent medication, it is no longer protected by active patents, and there are currently no generic manufacturers. Isopropamide works by stimulating the muscarinic receptors in the stomach, which helps to increase the movement of food through the digestive system and reduce stomach acid production. It is a medication that has been used for many years to treat peptic ulcers.","approvals":[{"date":"1957-10-09","orphan":false,"company":"GLAXOSMITHKLINE","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Isopropamid","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Peptic ulcer","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"chlordiazepoxide","slug":"chlordiazepoxide","company":"Valeant Pharm Intl"},{"name":"dexlansoprazole","slug":"dexlansoprazole","company":"Takeda Pharms Usa"}],"globalPrevalence":64000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"CHRM1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1"},{"gene":"CHRM3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"isopropamide","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Isopropamide acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist, specifically targeting the M1 subtype, to stimulate gastric motility and reduce gastric acid secretion, thereby providing therapeutic benefits for the treatment of peptic ulcers."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1957","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1957-10-09, GLAXOSMITHKLINE)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1500","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ISOPROPAMIDE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T12:11:17.510900","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T04:06:03.188863+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"glycopyrronium bromide","drugSlug":"glycopyrronium-bromide","fdaApproval":"1961-08-11","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"oxyphenonium","drugSlug":"oxyphenonium","fdaApproval":"","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"propantheline","drugSlug":"propantheline","fdaApproval":"1953-04-02","genericCount":10,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methanthelinium","drugSlug":"methanthelinium","fdaApproval":"1951-07-03","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"tridihexethyl","drugSlug":"tridihexethyl","fdaApproval":"1954-09-15","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"hexocyclium","drugSlug":"hexocyclium","fdaApproval":"","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"mepenzolate","drugSlug":"mepenzolate","fdaApproval":"1956-11-14","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"diphemanil","drugSlug":"diphemanil","fdaApproval":"1976-05-17","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"isopropamide","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Peptic ulcer","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":13200003,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":64000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2009 (PMID:19220208)"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"glycopyrronium-bromide","brandName":"glycopyrronium bromide","genericName":"glycopyrronium bromide","approvalYear":"1961","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"oxyphenonium","brandName":"oxyphenonium","genericName":"oxyphenonium","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"propantheline","brandName":"propantheline","genericName":"propantheline","approvalYear":"1953","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methanthelinium","brandName":"methanthelinium","genericName":"methanthelinium","approvalYear":"1951","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"tridihexethyl","brandName":"tridihexethyl","genericName":"tridihexethyl","approvalYear":"1954","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"hexocyclium","brandName":"hexocyclium","genericName":"hexocyclium","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"mepenzolate","brandName":"mepenzolate","genericName":"mepenzolate","approvalYear":"1956","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"diphemanil","brandName":"diphemanil","genericName":"diphemanil","approvalYear":"1976","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"_patentsChecked":true,"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000020174","MMSL":"NOCODE","NDDF":"001739","UNII":"8B9I31H724","VUID":"4022168","CHEBI":"CHEBI:6043","VANDF":"4018003","INN_ID":"715","RXNORM":"6051","UMLSCUI":"C0301373","chemblId":"CHEMBL1200347","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL1201232","KEGG_DRUG":"D01005","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB01625","PUBCHEM_CID":"3775","SNOMEDCT_US":"20468007","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"16564-41-3","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C084831"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"1957-","companyName":"GSK","relationship":"Original Developer"}],"publicationCount":74,"therapeuticAreas":["Other"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"A03AB09","allCodes":["A03AB09","A03CA01"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"originalDeveloper":"Glaxosmithkline","recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Jan 1","pmid":"39489129","title":"Indirect photodegradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products in dissolved black carbon solution: The role of microheterogeneous distribution of hydroxyl radical and sorption.","journal":"Water research"},{"date":"2016 Mar 15","pmid":"26886506","title":"Photochemical Transformation of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in Simulated Natural Waters.","journal":"Environmental science & technology"},{"date":"2010 Apr","pmid":"20376832","title":"Spectrophotometric determination of isopropamide iodide and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in presence of trifluoperazine oxidative degradate.","journal":"Drug testing and analysis"},{"date":"2001 Sep","pmid":"11470197","title":"Spectrophotometric determination of trifluoperazine HCl and isopropamide iodide in binary mixture using second derivative and second derivative of the ratio spectra methods.","journal":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis"},{"date":"1991","pmid":"1678622","title":"Spectrophotometric determination of some pharmaceutical amides through charge-transfer complexation reactions.","journal":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturers":0,"_genericFilersChecked":true,"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"GSK","companyId":"gsk","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"1957","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":"1957-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"GLAXOSMITHKLINE","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":""},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"IL","regulator":"MOH","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"SG","regulator":"HSA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"AE","regulator":"MOH","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"KR","regulator":"MFDS","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"AU","regulator":"TGA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null},{"country_code":"GB","regulator":"MHRA","status":"likely_approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T04:06:03.188863+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"verificationStatus":"enriching","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":false,"indications":true,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}