{"id":"isoniazid-rifinah","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"0.2-2%","effect":"Peripheral neuropathy"},{"rate":"0.5-3%","effect":"Hepatotoxicity"},{"rate":"0.1-0.5%","effect":"Hypersensitivity reactions"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Pyridoxine deficiency"},{"rate":"0.1-0.2%","effect":"Drug-induced lupus"},{"rate":"1-3%","effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbances"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL64","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"137.14"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Isoniazid is a prodrug that requires activation by the mycobacterial enzyme catalase-peroxidase (KatG) to form an isonicotinoyl radical. This activated form binds to mycobacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA), inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids that are critical structural components of the mycobacterial cell wall. This disruption of cell wall integrity leads to bacterial death and is bactericidal against actively dividing M. tuberculosis.","oneSentence":"Isoniazid inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking mycolic acid production, which is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:50:18.944Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Tuberculosis (TB), including drug-susceptible pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB"},{"name":"Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prophylaxis"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04424264","phase":"PHASE1","title":"The Effect of Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Intracellular Tenofovir-diphosphate and Tenofovir When Coadministered With Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate During the Maintenance Phase of Tuberculosis Treatment in TB/HIV-1 Coinfected Participants","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Professor Francois Venter","startDate":"2019-12-05","conditions":"HIV-1-infection, Tuberculosis","enrollment":18},{"nctId":"NCT04117698","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Multicenter, Randomized Study Evaluating the Value of Antitubercular Treatment During Recurent Anterior Uveitis (URBA)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","startDate":"2019-11-01","conditions":"Uveitis, Anterior","enrollment":116},{"nctId":"NCT02832778","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz in the Presence of Rifampicin and Isoniazid","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"St Stephens Aids Trust","startDate":"2016-11-21","conditions":"HIV","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT02953847","phase":"PHASE1","title":"The Bioavailability of Rifampicin in (FDCs) Widely Used in South Africa to Treat Drug-susceptible (TB)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Cape Town","startDate":"2016-11","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":21},{"nctId":"NCT00728546","phase":"PHASE4","title":"NAT2 in Re-challenge of INH in Patients With Hepatitis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"National Taiwan University Hospital","startDate":"2008-06","conditions":"Tuberculosis, Hepatotoxicity","enrollment":100}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":6,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Isoniazid","Rifinah"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Isoniazid (Rifinah)","genericName":"Isoniazid (Rifinah)","companyName":"National Taiwan University Hospital","companyId":"national-taiwan-university-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Isoniazid inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking mycolic acid production, which is essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. Used for Tuberculosis (TB), including drug-susceptible pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prophylaxis.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}