{"id":"ioflupane","rwe":[],"_fda":{"id":"c6a56613-3636-4736-bdaf-db89d8a8448b","set_id":"66d20aee-4530-48dd-a483-ed7604b36d97","openfda":{"nui":["N0000177914","N0000000205"],"unii":["3MM99T8R5Q"],"route":["INTRAVENOUS"],"spl_id":["c6a56613-3636-4736-bdaf-db89d8a8448b"],"brand_name":["Ioflupane I 123"],"spl_set_id":["66d20aee-4530-48dd-a483-ed7604b36d97"],"package_ndc":["69945-166-05"],"product_ndc":["69945-166"],"generic_name":["IOFLUPANE I-123"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["IOFLUPANE I-123"],"pharm_class_epc":["Radioactive Diagnostic Agent [EPC]"],"pharm_class_moa":["Radiopharmaceutical Activity [MoA]"],"manufacturer_name":["Curium US LLC"],"application_number":["ANDA213792"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"6","pregnancy":["8. 1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Radioactive iodine products cross the placenta and can permanently impair fetal thyroid function. Administration of an appropriate thyroid blocking agent is recommended before use of Ioflupane I 123 Injection in a pregnant woman to protect the woman and fetus from accumulation of iodine-123 [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) ]. There are no available data on Ioflupane I 123 Injection use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with ioflupane I-123. All radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to cause fetal harm depending on the fetal stage of development and the magnitude of the radiation dose. Administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection at a dose of 185 MBq (5 mCi) results in an absorbed radiation dose to the uterus of 0.3 rad (3.0 mGy). Radiation doses greater than 15 rad (150 mGy) have been associated with congenital anomalies but doses under 5 rad (50 mGy) generally have not. Advise pregnant women of the potential risks of fetal exposure to radiation doses with administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively."],"overdosage":["10 OVERDOSAGE The risks of overdose relate predominantly to increased radiation exposure, with the long-term risks for neoplasia. In case of overdosage of radioactivity, frequent urination and defecation should be encouraged to minimize radiation exposure to the patient."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION The chemical name for ioflupane I-123 is N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4- [123I]iodophenyl)nortropane and it has the following structural formula: 11.1 Chemical Characteristics Ioflupane I 123 Injection is a sterile, pyrogen-free radioactive diagnostic agent for intravenous use. Ioflupane I 123 Injection is a clear and colorless solution is supplied in single-dose vials. Each milliliter contains 0.07 to 0.13 mcg ioflupane, 74 MBq (2 mCi) of iodine-123 (as ioflupane I-123) at calibration time, 5.7 mg acetic acid, 7.8 mg sodium acetate and 0.05 mL (5%) ethanol. The pH of the solution is between 4.2 and 5.2. The chemical name for ioflupane I-123 is N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4- [ 123 I]iodophenyl)nortropane and it has the following structural formula: 11. 2 Physical Characteristics Iodine-123 is a cyclotron-produced radionuclide that decays to tellurium-123 by electron capture and has a physical half-life of 13.2 hours. The photon that is useful for detection and imaging studies is listed in Table 2. Table 2 Principal Radiation Emission Data – Iodine-123 Radiation Energy Level (keV) Abundance (%) Gamma 159 83 11. 3 External Radiation The specific gamma-ray constant for iodine-123 is 1.6 R/mCi-hr at 1 cm. The first half-value thickness of lead (Pb) for iodine-123 is 0.04 cm. The relative transmission of radiation emitted by the radionuclide that results from interposition of various thicknesses of Pb is shown in Table 3 (e.g., the use of 2.16 cm Pb will decrease the external radiation exposure by a factor of about 1,000). Table 3 Reduction in In-air Collision Kerma Caused by Lead Shielding a Shield Thickness cm of lead (Pb) Reduction in In-air Collision Kerma 0.04 0.5 0.13 10 -1 0.77 10 -2 2.16 10 -3 3.67 10 -4 a Calculation based on attenuation and energy-transfer coefficients obtained from National Institute of Standards & Technology Internal Report NISTIR 5632."],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Ioflupane I 123 Injection is a sterile, clear, colorless solution supplied in a 10 mL single-dose vial containing a total volume of 2.5 mL with a total radioactivity of 185 MBq (5 mCi) of Ioflupane I 123 at calibration time and date. Each mL contains 74 MBq (2 mCi) of Ioflupane I 123 at calibration time and date. Each vial is enclosed in a lead container of appropriate thickness for radiation protection. Catalog No.166 185 megabecquerels (5 mCi) NDC 69945-166-05 Storage Store Ioflupane I 123 Injection upright at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). This product does not contain a preservative. Store Ioflupane I 123 Injection within the original lead container or equivalent radiation shielding. Do not use Ioflupane I 123 Injection preparations after the expiration date and time stated on the label. Discard unused portion. Handling This preparation is approved for use by persons licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an Agreement State."],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use In the two principal clinical studies of Ioflupane I 123 Injection for suspected Parkinsonian syndromes, 45% of the subjects were aged 65 and over, while 10% were 75 and over [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 ) ]. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of Ioflupane I 123 Injection have not been established in pediatric patients."],"effective_time":"20221216","clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Suspected Parkinsonian Syndromes The safety and efficacy of Ioflupane I 123 Injection were evaluated in two multicenter, single-arm, open-label studies (Study 1 and Study 2) that enrolled 284 adult patients with suspected PS. In these studies, Ioflupane I 123 Injection image interpretation was compared to a reference clinical diagnostic standard of \"PS\" or \"non-PS\". PS consisted of Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). These conditions have been associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration and Ioflupane I 123 Injection imaging was not designed to distinguish among the conditions. Among the non-PS population, subjects with a history of the following conditions were included: vascular parkinsonism, psychogenic parkinsonism, essential tremor (ET), various forms of tremor, and other non-PS diagnoses; Ioflupane I 123 Injection imaging was not designed to distinguish among these conditions. Patients underwent SPECT imaging with a variety of multi-headed cameras or multi-detector single- slice systems 3 to 6 hours after Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration. The Ioflupane I 123 Injection activity in these two clinical studies ranged from 111 MBq to 201 MBq (3 mCi to 5.4 mCi) [median 167.8 MBq (4.5 mCi)]. Readers blinded to clinical information interpreted Ioflupane I 123 Injection imaging as normal or abnormal [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.7 ) ]. A normal image is inconsistent with clinical conditions associated with PS and an abnormal image is consistent with clinical conditions associated with PS. Study 1 consisted of 99 patients with early features of Parkinsonism; patients with features suggestive of MSA or PSP were excluded. The baseline clinical diagnoses consisted of: probable PD (44%), possible PD (31%), “benign” PD (6%), possible ET (11%), and other diagnoses (7%). The patients were 44% female, 42% of age 65 years or over, and all were White. Study 1 readers had no other role in patient assessment. The reference clinical diagnostic standard consisted of the clinical diagnoses established by a consensus panel of movement disorder specialists that evaluated data inclusive through 36 months of follow-up. Study 2 consisted of 185 patients with clinically established diagnosis of PS (PD, MSA, PSP) or ET. The baseline clinical diagnoses consisted of: PD (70%), MSA (10%), PSP (5%), and ET (15%). The patients were 35% female, 48% of age 65 years or over, and 99% were White. Study 2 readers included site investigators. The reference clinical diagnostic standard consisted of the investigator-determined baseline clinical diagnosis. Table 4 shows the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of the Ioflupane I 123 Injection image results with the reference clinical diagnostic standard. Positive percent agreement represents the percent of patients with abnormal Ioflupane I 123 Injection images among all the patients with a clinical diagnostic reference standard of PS. Negative percent agreement represents the percent of patients with normal Ioflupane I 123 Injection images among the patients with a non-PS clinical diagnostic reference standard. Table 4: Positive and Negative Percent Agreements for Studies 1 and 2 Positive percent agreement (95 % CI) Negative percent agreement (95 % CI)) Study 1 (patients with early signs and/or symptoms of PS) Reader A, n = 99 77 (66, 87) 96 (82, 100) Reader B, n = 96 78 (66, 87) 96 (82, 100) Reader C, n = 98 79 (67, 87) 96 (82, 100) Study 2 (patients with established diagnoses of PS or ET) Reader A, n = 185 93 (88, 97) 96 (81, 100) Reader B, n = 185 97 (93, 99) 74 (54, 89) Reader C, n = 185 96 (92, 99) 85 (66, 96) Reader D, n = 185 92 (87, 96) 93 (76, 99) Reader E, n = 185 94 (90, 97) 93 (76, 99) 14.2 Suspected Dementia with Lewy Bodies The evidence for the efficacy of Ioflupane I 123 Injection in visualizing striatal dopamine transporters in adult patients with DLB is derived from the scientific literature. In 55 patients clinically diagnosed with DLB or with Alzheimer’s disease, the results of consensus blinded visual assessment of the Ioflupane I 123 Injection images were compared to neuropathological diagnosis made using standard international criteria at autopsy. The patients were 38% female and of ages 63 to 95 years (mean 77 years) at the time of Ioflupane I 123 Injection imaging. The median administered Ioflupane I 123 Injection activity was 150 MBq to 185 MBq (4.1 mCi to 4.9 mCi). Ioflupane I 123 Injection images were rated as normal or abnormal [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.7 ) ]. Based on autopsy diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of Ioflupane I 123 Injection for DLB was 80% (95% CI 61% to 92%) and 92% (95% CI 74% to 99%), respectively. The effectiveness of Ioflupane I 123 Injection as a screening or confirmatory test and for monitoring disease progression or response to therapy has not been established."],"pharmacodynamics":["12.2 Pharmacodynamics As Ioflupane I 123 Injection contains a very small quantity of ioflupane, no ioflupane pharmacologic effects are expected [ see Description ( 11 ) ]."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetics of ioflupane I-123 were studied by monitoring radioactivity following intravenous injection; only 5% of the administered radioactivity remained in whole blood at 5 minutes post-injection. Uptake in the brain reached approximately 7% of injected radioactivity at 10 minutes post-injection and decreased to 3% after 5 hours; striata to background ratios were relatively constant between 3 hours and 6 hours post-injection. About 30% of the whole brain radioactivity was attributed to striatal uptake. By 48 hours post-injection, approximately 60% of the injected radioactivity has been excreted in the urine, with fecal excretion estimated to be approximately 14%."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reaction is described elsewhere in the labeling: • Hypersensitivity Reactions [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ] The following adverse reactions were reported at ≤1%: headache, nausea, vertigo, dry mouth and dizziness. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact CURIUM US LLC at 1-866-789-2211 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of Ioflupane I 123 Injection cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The data from clinical trials reflect exposure to Ioflupane I 123 Injection in 942 subjects with a mean age of 66 years (range 25 years to 90 years). Among these subjects, 42% were female and 99% White. Subjects received 88 MBq to 287 MBq (2 mCi to 8 mCi) [median 173 MBq (4.7 mCi)] intravenously as a single dose. The recommended dose of Ioflupane I 123 Injection is 111 MBq to 185 MBq (3 mCi to 5 mCi) [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 ) ]. The following adverse reactions were reported at a rate of 1% or less: headache, nausea, vertigo, dry mouth, and dizziness. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Ioflupane I 123 Injection. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Immune system disorders : Hypersensitivity, including dyspnea, edema, rash, erythema, and pruritus General disorders and administration site conditions : Injection site pain"],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Ioflupane I 123 Injection is contraindicated in patients with known serious hypersensitivity to ioflupane I-123 [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Known serious hypersensitivity to ioflupane I 123 ( 4 )"],"description_table":["
Table 2 Principal Radiation Emission Data – Iodine-123
RadiationEnergy Level (keV)Abundance (%)
Gamma15983
","
Table 3 Reduction in In-air Collision Kerma Caused by Lead Shielding a
Shield Thickness cm of lead (Pb)Reduction in In-air Collision Kerma
0.040.5
0.1310-1
0.7710-2
2.1610-3
3.6710-4
"],"drug_interactions":["7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Ioflupane I 123 binds to the dopamine transporter [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.1 ) ]. Drugs that bind to the dopamine transporter with high affinity may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration. These potentially interfering drugs consist of: amoxapine, amphetamine, armodafinil, benztropine, bupropion, buspirone, cocaine, mazindol, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil, norephedrine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, selegiline, and sertraline. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine and citalopram) may increase or decrease ioflupane binding to the dopamine transporter. Whether discontinuation of these drugs prior to Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration may minimize the interference with a Ioflupane I 123 Injection image is unknown. The impact of dopamine agonists and antagonists upon Ioflupane I 123 Injection imaging results has not been established. Amoxapine, amphetamine, armodafinil, benztropine, bupropion, buspirone, cocaine, mazindol, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil norephedrine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, selegiline, sertraline, citalopram and paroxetine may interfere with Ioflupane I 123 Injection imaging. The effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on Ioflupane I 123 Injection imaging have not been established. ( 7 )"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action The active drug substance in Ioflupane I 123 Injection is N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[ 123 I]iodophenyl)nortropane or ioflupane I-123. In vitro , ioflupane binds reversibly to the human dopamine transporter (DaT) (Ki = 0.62 nM; IC 50 = 0.71 nM). Autoradiography of post-mortem human brain slices exposed to radiolabeled ioflupane shows concentration of the radiolabel in striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). The specificity of the binding of ioflupane I-125 to dopamine transporter was demonstrated by competition studies with the DaT inhibitor GBR 12909 (a dopamine reuptake inhibitor), the serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram, and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desipramine in post-mortem human brain slices exposed to radiolabeled ioflupane. Citalopram reduced binding in the neocortex and thalamus with only minor effects in the striatum. This indicated that the binding in the cortex and thalamus is mainly to the serotonin reuptake sites. Desipramine showed no effect on the level of striatal binding of ioflupane I- 125, but reduced extrastriatal binding by 60 to 85%. The binding of ioflupane I-125 to the striatum was abolished in the presence of high concentrations of GBR 12909, indicating selectivity of ioflupane binding for the pre-synaptic DaT. Following administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection to humans, radioactive decay of the iodine-123 emits gamma radiation which can be detected externally using gamma detectors, allowing visualization of the brain striata through SPECT imaging [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ]."],"recent_major_changes":["Indications and Usage ( 1 ) 11/2022 Contraindications ( 4 ) 11/2022 Warnings and Precautions, Radiation Risk ( 5.3 ) 11/2022"],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action The active drug substance in Ioflupane I 123 Injection is N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[ 123 I]iodophenyl)nortropane or ioflupane I-123. In vitro , ioflupane binds reversibly to the human dopamine transporter (DaT) (Ki = 0.62 nM; IC 50 = 0.71 nM). Autoradiography of post-mortem human brain slices exposed to radiolabeled ioflupane shows concentration of the radiolabel in striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). The specificity of the binding of ioflupane I-125 to dopamine transporter was demonstrated by competition studies with the DaT inhibitor GBR 12909 (a dopamine reuptake inhibitor), the serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram, and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desipramine in post-mortem human brain slices exposed to radiolabeled ioflupane. Citalopram reduced binding in the neocortex and thalamus with only minor effects in the striatum. This indicated that the binding in the cortex and thalamus is mainly to the serotonin reuptake sites. Desipramine showed no effect on the level of striatal binding of ioflupane I- 125, but reduced extrastriatal binding by 60 to 85%. The binding of ioflupane I-125 to the striatum was abolished in the presence of high concentrations of GBR 12909, indicating selectivity of ioflupane binding for the pre-synaptic DaT. Following administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection to humans, radioactive decay of the iodine-123 emits gamma radiation which can be detected externally using gamma detectors, allowing visualization of the brain striata through SPECT imaging [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 ) ]. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics As Ioflupane I 123 Injection contains a very small quantity of ioflupane, no ioflupane pharmacologic effects are expected [ see Description ( 11 ) ]. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetics of ioflupane I-123 were studied by monitoring radioactivity following intravenous injection; only 5% of the administered radioactivity remained in whole blood at 5 minutes post-injection. Uptake in the brain reached approximately 7% of injected radioactivity at 10 minutes post-injection and decreased to 3% after 5 hours; striata to background ratios were relatively constant between 3 hours and 6 hours post-injection. About 30% of the whole brain radioactivity was attributed to striatal uptake. By 48 hours post-injection, approximately 60% of the injected radioactivity has been excreted in the urine, with fecal excretion estimated to be approximately 14%."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Ioflupane I 123 Injection is indicated as an adjunct to other diagnostic evaluations for striatal dopamine transporter visualization using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging in adult patients with: ● suspected Parkinsonian syndromes (PS) or ● suspected dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Ioflupane I 123 Injection is a radioactive diagnostic agent indicated as an adjunct to other diagnostic evaluations for striatal dopamine transporter visualization using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain imaging in adult patients with: suspected Parkinsonian syndromes (PS) or suspected dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypersensitivity Reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions including dyspnea, edema, rash, erythema, and pruritus have been reported. Have treatment measures available prior to Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration. ( 5.1 ) Thyroid Accumulation of Iodine-123: Thyroid uptake of iodine-123 may result in an increased long-term risk for thyroid neoplasia. ( 2.2 , 5.2 ) Radiation Risk: Ensure safe handling to minimize radiation exposure to the patient and healthcare providers. Advise patients to hydrate before and after administration and to void frequently after administration. ( 2.1 , 5.3 ) 5. 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions, including dyspnea, edema, rash, erythema, and pruritus, have been reported following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration [ see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 ) ]. The reactions have generally occurred within minutes of Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration and have either resolved spontaneously or following the administration of corticosteroids and antihistamines. Ioflupane I 123 Injection is contraindicated in patients with known serious hypersensitivity to ioflupane I-123 [ see Contraindications ( 4 ) ]. Have treatment measures available and monitor patients for symptoms or signs of a hypersensitivity reaction. 5.2 Thyroid Accumulation of Iodine-123 Ioflupane I 123 Injection may contain up to 6% of free iodide (iodine-123). Thyroid uptake of iodine-123 may result in an increased long-term risk for thyroid neoplasia. To decrease thyroid accumulation of iodine-123, block the thyroid gland before administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) ]. 5.3 Radiation Risk Ioflupane I 123 Injection contributes to a patient’s overall long-term cumulative radiation exposure. Long-term cumulative radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk for cancer. Ensure safe handling to minimize radiation exposure to patients and healthcare providers. Advise patients to hydrate before and after administration and to void frequently after administration [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 )]."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Table 4: Positive and Negative Percent Agreements for Studies 1 and 2
Positive percent agreement (95 % CI)Negative percent agreement (95 % CI))
Study 1 (patients with early signs and/or symptoms of PS)
Reader A, n = 9977 (66, 87)96 (82, 100)
Reader B, n = 9678 (66, 87)96 (82, 100)
Reader C, n = 9879 (67, 87)96 (82, 100)
Study 2 (patients with established diagnoses of PS or ET)
Reader A, n = 18593 (88, 97)96 (81, 100)
Reader B, n = 18597 (93, 99)74 (54, 89)
Reader C, n = 18596 (92, 99)85 (66, 96)
Reader D, n = 18592 (87, 96)93 (76, 99)
Reader E, n = 18594 (90, 97)93 (76, 99)
"],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13. 1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Studies on reproductive toxicity have not been conducted. Ioflupane showed no evidence of mutagenic potential in in vitro or in vivo mutagenicity studies. Studies to assess the carcinogenic potential of ioflupane have not been performed. 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Single- and repeated-dose intravenous toxicity studies have been performed using ioflupane in rats, rabbits, and dogs. Additionally, single-dose acute toxicity studies have been performed in cynomolgus monkeys. No mortality or other toxicity was observed at doses up to 5,500 times the maximum clinical dose of Ioflupane I 123 Injection; at doses greater than 1,500 times the maximum clinical dose, pharmacological responses such as mydriasis and hyperactivity were seen in some species."],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Hypersensitivity Reactions Inform the patient that hypersensitivity reactions, including dyspnea, edema, rash, erythema and pruritus, have been reported following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) ]. Adequate Hydration Instruct patients to drink a sufficient amount of water prior to and after receiving Ioflupane I 123 Injection and to void frequently for the first 48 hours following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.1 ) ]. Lactation Advise a lactating woman to interrupt breastfeeding and pump and discard breastmilk for at least 6 days (>10 physical half-lives) after Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration in order to minimize radiation exposure to a breastfed infant [ see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.2 ) ]. Pregnancy Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risks of fetal exposure to radiation doses with Ioflupane I 123 Injection [ see Use in Specific Populatio ns ( 8.1 ) ]. Manufactured and Distributed by Curium US LLC, 2703 Wagner Pl, Maryland Heights, MO 63043 U.S.A. Curium TM and the Curium logo are trademarks of a Curium Company. © 2022 Curium US LLC – All rights reserved."],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Administer a thyroid-blocking agent at least one hour before the dose of Ioflupane I 123 Injection. ( 2.2 ) The recommended dose of Ioflupane I 123 Injection in adult patients is 111 MBq to 185 MBq (3 mCi to 5 mCi) administered intravenously over at least 20 seconds. ( 2.3 ) Measure patient dose using a dose calibrator immediately prior to administration. ( 2.4 ) Begin SPECT imaging between 3 hours and 6 hours post-injection. ( 2.6 ) Figure 1,2,3,4 2.1 Radiation Safety Ioflupane I 123 Injection emits radiation and must be handled with safety measures to minimize radiation exposure to healthcare providers and patients [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ) ]. Radiopharmaceuticals should be used by or under the control of healthcare providers who are qualified by specific training and experienced in the safe use and handling of radionuclides, and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate government agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides. To minimize radiation exposure, encourage hydration prior to and following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration in order to permit frequent voiding. Encourage the patient to void frequently for the first 48 hours following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.5 ) ]. 2.2 Thyroid Blockade Before Ioflupan e I 123 Injection Administration Administer Potassium Iodide Oral Solution or Strong Iodine Solution (e.g., Lugol's Solution) equivalent to 100 mg iodide to block uptake of iodine-123 by the patient's thyroid at least one hour before the dose of Ioflupane I 123 Injection [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) ]. 2.3 Recommended Dos age The recommended dose of Ioflupane I 123 Injection in adult patients is 111 MBq to 185 MBq (3 mCi to 5 mCi) administered intravenously over at least 20 seconds. 2. 4 Preparation and Administration Assess pregnancy status before administering Ioflupane I 123 Injection to a female of reproductive potential [ see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 ) ]. Use aseptic procedures and radiation shielding during preparation and administration. Inspect the Ioflupane I 123 Injection vial for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration and do not use it if the vial contains particulate matter or discoloration. Measure patient dose using a dose calibrator immediately prior to administration. Discard unused portion. 2.5 Radiation Dosimetry The estimated radiation absorbed doses to an adult from intravenous injection of Ioflupane I 123 Injection are shown in Table 1. The values are calculated assuming urinary bladder emptying at 4.8-hour intervals and appropriate thyroid blocking (iodine-123 is a known Auger electron emitter). Table 1 Estimated Radiation Absorbed Doses from Ioflupane I 123 Injection ORGAN / TISSUE ABSORBED DOSE PER UNIT ADMINISTERED ACTIVITY (μGy / MBq) Adrenals 12.9 Brain 17.8 Striata 230 Breasts 7.8 Gallbladder Wall 26.4 GI Tract Esophagus 10 Stomach Wall 11.2 Small Intestine Wall 21.2 Colon Wall a 39.8 Upper Large Intestine Wall 38.1 Lower Large Intestine Wall 42 Heart Wall 12.9 Kidneys 10.9 Liver 27.9 Lungs 41.2 Muscle 9.4 Osteogenic Cells 28.2 Ovaries 16.8 Pancreas 13 Red Marrow 9.2 Skin 6 Spleen 10.4 Testes 8.5 Thymus 10 Thyroid 9 Urinary Bladder Wall 53.1 Uterus 16.1 Total Body 11.3 EFFECTIVE DOSE PER UNIT ADMINISTERED ACTIVITY (µSv/MBq) 21.3 a The absorbed dose to the colon wall is the mass-weighted sum of the absorbed doses to the upper and lower large intestine walls, D c olon = 0.57D ULI + 0.43D LLI [Publication 80 of the ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection); Annals of the ICRP 28 (3). Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1998] The Effective Dose resulting from a Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration with an administered activity of 185 MBq (5 mCi) is 3.94 mSv in an adult. 2.6 Imaging Instructions Begin SPECT imaging 3 hours to 6 hours following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration. Use a gamma camera fitted with high-resolution collimators and set to a photopeak of 159 keV with a ± 10% energy window. Angular sampling should be at least 120 views over 360 degrees. Position the patient supine with the head on an off-the-table headrest, use a flexible head restraint such as a strip of tape across the chin or forehead if necessary to help avoid movement, and set a circular orbit for the detector heads with the radius as small as possible (typically 11 cm to 15 cm). Obtain images with matrix size and zoom factors selected to give a pixel size of 3.5 mm to 4.5 mm. Collect a minimum of 1.5 million counts for optimal images. 2.7 Image Interpretation Interpret Ioflupane I 123 Injection images visually, based upon the appearance of the striata. Reconstructed pixel size should be between 3.5 mm and 4.5 mm with slices 1 pixel thick. Optimum presentation of the reconstructed images for visual interpretation is transaxial slices parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure (AC-PC) line. Determine whether an image is normal or abnormal by assessing the extent (as indicated by shape) and intensity of the striatal signal. Image interpretation does not involve integration of the striatal image appearance with clinical signs and/or symptoms. Normal: In transaxial images, normal images are characterized by two symmetric comma- or crescent-shaped focal regions of activity mirrored about the median plane. Striatal activity is distinct, relative to surrounding brain tissue (Figure 1). Abnormal: Abnormal Ioflupane I 123 Injection images fall into at least one of the following three categories (all are considered abnormal). Activity is asymmetric, e.g., activity in the region of the putamen of one hemisphere is absent or greatly reduced with respect to the other. Activity is still visible in the caudate nuclei of both hemispheres resulting in a comma or crescent shape in one and a circular or oval focus in the other. There may be reduced activity between at least one striatum and surrounding tissues (Figure 2). Activity is absent in the putamen of both hemispheres and confined to the caudate nuclei. Activity is relatively symmetric and forms two roughly circular or oval foci. Activity of one or both is generally reduced (Figure 3). Activity is absent in the putamen of both hemispheres and greatly reduced in one or both caudate nuclei. Activity of the striata with respect to the background is reduced (Figure 4)."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Ioflupane I 123 IOFLUPANE I-123 IOFLUPANE I-123 IOFLUPANE I-123 ACETIC ACID SODIUM ACETATE ALCOHOL"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection: clear, colorless solution containing 185 MBq (5 mCi) in 2.5 mL at a concentration of 74 MBq/mL (2 mCi/mL) of ioflupane I-123 at calibration date and time supplied in single-dose vials. Injection: 185 MBq (5 mCi) in 2.5 mL at a concentration of 74 MBq/mL (2 mCi/mL) of ioflupane I 123 at calibration date and time supplied in single-dose vials. ( 3 )"],"recent_major_changes_table":["
Indications and Usage (1)11/2022
Contraindications (4) 11/2022
Warnings and Precautions, Radiation Risk (5.3)11/2022
"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy: May cause fetal harm. ( 8.1 ) Lactation: Advise a lactating woman to interrupt breastfeeding and pump and discard breastmilk for at least 6 days after Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration. ( 8.2 ) 8. 1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Radioactive iodine products cross the placenta and can permanently impair fetal thyroid function. Administration of an appropriate thyroid blocking agent is recommended before use of Ioflupane I 123 Injection in a pregnant woman to protect the woman and fetus from accumulation of iodine-123 [ see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 ) ]. There are no available data on Ioflupane I 123 Injection use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with ioflupane I-123. All radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to cause fetal harm depending on the fetal stage of development and the magnitude of the radiation dose. Administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection at a dose of 185 MBq (5 mCi) results in an absorbed radiation dose to the uterus of 0.3 rad (3.0 mGy). Radiation doses greater than 15 rad (150 mGy) have been associated with congenital anomalies but doses under 5 rad (50 mGy) generally have not. Advise pregnant women of the potential risks of fetal exposure to radiation doses with administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Iodine-123, the radionuclide in Ioflupane I 123 Injection, is present in human milk. There is no information on the effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production. Advise a lactating woman to interrupt breastfeeding and pump and discard breastmilk for at least 6 days (>10 physical half-lives) after Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration in order to minimize radiation exposure to a breastfed infant. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of Ioflupane I 123 Injection have not been established in pediatric patients. 8.5 Geriatric Use In the two principal clinical studies of Ioflupane I 123 Injection for suspected Parkinsonian syndromes, 45% of the subjects were aged 65 and over, while 10% were 75 and over [ see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 ) ]. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. 8.6 Renal Impairment Ioflupane I 123 Injection is excreted by the kidney and patients with severe renal impairment may have increased radiation exposure and altered Ioflupane I 123 Injection images."],"dosage_and_administration_table":["
Table 1 Estimated Radiation Absorbed Doses from Ioflupane I 123 Injection
ORGAN / TISSUEABSORBED DOSE PER UNIT ADMINISTERED ACTIVITY (μGy / MBq)
Adrenals12.9
Brain17.8
Striata230
Breasts7.8
Gallbladder Wall26.4
GI TractEsophagus10
Stomach Wall11.2
Small Intestine Wall21.2
Colon Wall a39.8
Upper Large Intestine Wall38.1
Lower Large Intestine Wall42
Heart Wall12.9
Kidneys10.9
Liver27.9
Lungs41.2
Muscle9.4
Osteogenic Cells28.2
Ovaries16.8
Pancreas13
Red Marrow9.2
Skin6
Spleen10.4
Testes8.5
Thymus10
Thyroid9
Urinary Bladder Wall53.1
Uterus16.1
Total Body11.3
EFFECTIVE DOSE PER UNIT ADMINISTERED ACTIVITY (µSv/MBq)21.3
"],"animal_pharmacology_and_or_toxicology":["13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Single- and repeated-dose intravenous toxicity studies have been performed using ioflupane in rats, rabbits, and dogs. Additionally, single-dose acute toxicity studies have been performed in cynomolgus monkeys. No mortality or other toxicity was observed at doses up to 5,500 times the maximum clinical dose of Ioflupane I 123 Injection; at doses greater than 1,500 times the maximum clinical dose, pharmacological responses such as mydriasis and hyperactivity were seen in some species."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 69945-166-05 Ioflupane I 123 Injection 185 MBq (5 mCi) per 2.5 mL at calibration 74 MBq (2 mCi) per 1 mL Radiopharmaceutical For Intravenous Use Only Single-Dose Vial – Discard Unused Portion. Recommended dosage: See Prescribing Information. Each mL contains: 74 MBq (2 mCi) of Ioflupane I 123 at calibration date and time, 0.07 - 0.13 mcg ioflupane, 5.7 mg acetic acid, 7.8 mg sodium acetate, 0.05 ml of dehydrated alcohol (ethanol). Store upright at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) in a shielded container. Rx only Total Activity: 185 MBq (5 mCi) at calibration Radioactivity Concentration: 74 MBq/mL (2 mCi/mL) Total Volume: 2.5 mL Cal. time: 1200 ET (1100 CT) Expires 7 hours after calibration time. Cal. date: Lot #: CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CURIUM™ Logo Manufactured by: Curium US LLC, 2703 Wagner Place, Maryland Heights, MO 63043 R10/2021 A166C0 PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 69945-166-05 Ioflupane I 123 Injection 185 MBq (5 mCi) per 2.5 mL at calibration 74 MBq (2 mCi) per 1 mL Radiopharmaceutical For Intravenous Use Only Single-Dose Vial – Discard Unused Portion. Recommended dosage: See Prescribing Information. Each mL contains: 74 MBq (2 mCi) of Ioflupane I 123 at calibration date and time, 0.07 - 0.13 mcg ioflupane, 5.7 mg acetic acid, 7.8 mg sodium acetate, 0.05 ml of dehydrated alcohol (ethanol). Store upright at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) in a shielded container. Rx only Total Activity: 185 MBq (5 mCi) at calibration Radioactivity Concentration: 74 MBq/mL (2 mCi/mL) Total Volume: 2.5 mL Cal. time: 1200 ET (1100 CT) Expires 7 hours after calibration time. Cal. date: Lot #: CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL CURIUM™ Logo Manufactured by: Curium US LLC, 2703 Wagner Place, Maryland Heights, MO 63043 R10/2021 A166C0","PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 69945-166-05 Ioflupane I 123 Injection 185 MBq (5 mCi) per 2.5 mL at calibration [74 MBq (2 mCi) per 1 mL] Radiopharmaceutical - For Intravenous Use Only Single-Dose Vial – Discard Unused Portion. Cal. time: 1200 ET (1100 CT) Cal. date: Lot #: Volume: 2.5 mL Radioactive Concentration: 74 MBq/mL (2 mCi/mL) Total Activity: 185 MBq (5 mCi) Recommended Dosage: See Prescribing Information Rx only Store upright at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) in a shielded container. Expires 7 hours after calibration time. Each mL contains 74 MBq (2 mCi) of Ioflupane I 123 at calibration, 0.07 - 0.13 mcg ioflupane, 5.7 mg acetic acid, 7.8 mg sodium acetate, 0.05 mL ethanol. CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Manufactured by: Curium US LLC 2703 Wagner Place Maryland Heights, MO 63043 A166V0 R12/2021 PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL NDC 69945-166-05 Ioflupane I 123 Injection 185 MBq (5 mCi) per 2.5 mL at calibration [74 MBq (2 mCi) per 1 mL] Radiopharmaceutical - For Intravenous Use Only Single-Dose Vial – Discard Unused Portion. Cal. time: 1200 ET (1100 CT) Cal. date: Lot #: Volume: 2.5 mL Radioactive Concentration: 74 MBq/mL (2 mCi/mL) Total Activity: 185 MBq (5 mCi) Recommended Dosage: See Prescribing Information Rx only Store upright at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) in a shielded container. Expires 7 hours after calibration time. Each mL contains 74 MBq (2 mCi) of Ioflupane I 123 at calibration, 0.07 - 0.13 mcg ioflupane, 5.7 mg acetic acid, 7.8 mg sodium acetate, 0.05 mL ethanol. CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Manufactured by: Curium US LLC 2703 Wagner Place Maryland Heights, MO 63043 A166V0 R12/2021"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13. 1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Studies on reproductive toxicity have not been conducted. Ioflupane showed no evidence of mutagenic potential in in vitro or in vivo mutagenicity studies. Studies to assess the carcinogenic potential of ioflupane have not been performed."]},"tags":[{"label":"Radioactive Diagnostic Agent [EPC]","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Serotonin Reuptake","category":"target"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Solution","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"suspected Parkinsonian syndromes","category":"indication"},{"label":"suspected dementia with Lewy bodies","category":"indication"},{"label":"Ge Hlthcare Inc","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 2020s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"NO ADVERSE EVENT","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"253 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"RADIOISOTOPE SCAN ABNORMAL","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"141 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"127 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"INJECTION SITE PAIN","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"59 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INTERACTION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"46 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"BURNING SENSATION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"24 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PARKINSONISM","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"24 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FALSE POSITIVE RADIOISOTOPE INVESTIGATION RESULT","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"16 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER SCINTIGRAPHY ABNORMAL","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"12 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"12 reports"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/amoxapine","drug":"amoxapine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"amoxapine"},{"url":"/drug/amphetamine","drug":"amphetamine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"amphetamine"},{"url":"/drug/armodafinil","drug":"armodafinil","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"armodafinil"},{"url":"/drug/benztropine","drug":"benztropine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"benztropine"},{"url":"/drug/bupropion","drug":"bupropion","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"bupropion"},{"url":"/drug/buspirone","drug":"buspirone","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"buspirone"},{"url":"/drug/cocaine","drug":"cocaine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"cocaine"},{"url":"/drug/mazindol","drug":"mazindol","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"mazindol"},{"url":"/drug/methamphetamine","drug":"methamphetamine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"methamphetamine"},{"url":"/drug/methylphenidate","drug":"methylphenidate","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"methylphenidate"},{"url":"/drug/modafinil","drug":"modafinil","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"modafinil"},{"url":"/drug/norephedrine","drug":"norephedrine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"norephedrine"},{"url":"/drug/phentermine","drug":"phentermine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"phentermine"},{"url":"/drug/phenylpropanolamine","drug":"phenylpropanolamine","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"phenylpropanolamine"},{"url":"/drug/selegiline","drug":"selegiline","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"selegiline"},{"url":"/drug/sertraline","drug":"sertraline","action":"Avoid","effect":"may interfere with the image obtained following Ioflupane I 123 Injection administration","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"sertraline"},{"url":"/drug/citalopram","drug":"citalopram","action":"Monitor","effect":"may increase or decrease ioflupane binding to the dopamine transporter","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"citalopram"},{"url":"/drug/paroxetine","drug":"paroxetine","action":"Monitor","effect":"may increase or decrease ioflupane binding to the dopamine transporter","source":"OpenFDA Label","drugSlug":"paroxetine"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Hypersensitivity","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Injection site pain","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Dyspnea","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Edema","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Rash","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Erythema","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Pruritus","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"≤1%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"≤1%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Vertigo","drugRate":"≤1%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Dry mouth","drugRate":"≤1%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"≤1%","severity":"mild","_validated":true}],"contraindications":["known serious hypersensitivity to ioflupane I-123","known serious hypersensitivity to ioflupane I 123"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"May cause fetal harm. Radioactive iodine products cross the placenta and can permanently impair fetal thyroid function. Administration of an appropriate thyroid blocking agent is recommended before use of Ioflupane I 123 Injection in a pregnant woman to protect the woman and fetus from accumulation of iodine-123. Administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection at a dose of 185 MBq (5 mCi) results in an absorbed radiation dose to the uterus of 0.3 rad (3.0 mGy). Radiation doses greater than 15 rad (150 mGy) have been associated with congenital anomalies but doses under 5 rad (50 mGy) generally have not. Advise pregnant women of the potential risks of fetal exposure to radiation doses with administration of Ioflupane I 123 Injection.","Geriatric use":"No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between elderly subjects and younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.","Paediatric use":"The safety and efficacy of Ioflupane I 123 Injection have not been established in pediatric patients."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Ge Hlthcare Inc","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=IOFLUPANE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:28:55.554023+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:29:02.179244+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:28:54.111275+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=IOFLUPANE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:29:02.938534+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:28:53.130734+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:28:53.130790+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:28:53.130806+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:29:04.938146+00:00"},"mechanism.oneSentence":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"12.1 Mechanism of Action The active drug substance in Ioflupane I 123 Injection is N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[ 123 I]iodophenyl)nortropane or ioflupane I-123. In vitro , ioflupane binds reversibly to the human dopamine transporter (DaT) (Ki = 0.62 nM; IC 50 = 0.71 nM). Autoradiography of post-mortem human brain slices exposed to radiolabeled ioflupane shows concentration of the radiolabel in striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). The specificity of the binding of ioflupane I-125 to","confidence":0.95,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:29:19.152495+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL3989517/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:29:03.482596+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"ANDA213792","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:28:53.130812+00:00"}},"allNames":"ioflupane i 123","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["Ioflupane I 123","IOFLUPANE I-123"],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-03-30","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 1 manufacturer approved"},{"date":"2023-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from Curium to Ge Hlthcare Inc"},{"date":"20230912","type":"positive","source":"OpenFDA","milestone":"FDA approval (Curium)"}],"aiSummary":"Ioflupane I 123 (ioflupane) is a radioactive diagnostic agent used to visualize the brain's dopamine system. It is a small molecule that targets serotonin reuptake, but its primary use is in diagnosing suspected Parkinsonian syndromes and suspected dementia with Lewy bodies. Ioflupane I 123 is owned by Ge Healthcare Inc and was approved by the FDA in 2023. It is available as a generic medication and is off-patent, with one generic manufacturer listed. Key safety considerations include the radioactive nature of the agent, which requires proper handling and disposal.","approvals":[{"date":"20230912","orphan":false,"company":"CURIUM","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Ioflupane I 123","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Dopamine transporter (DaT)","moaClass":"Radiopharmaceutical Activity [MoA]","modality":"Small molecule","drugClass":"Radioactive Diagnostic Agent [EPC]","explanation":"Ioflupane I-123 is a radiotracer that binds specifically to the dopamine transporter (DaT) in the brain's striatum. When administered, it emits gamma radiation detectable by SPECT imaging, enabling visualization of the striatal regions involved in dopamine transport.","oneSentence":"Ioflupane I-123 binds to the dopamine transporter (DaT) in the striatum, allowing visualization of brain striata through SPECT imaging.","technicalDetail":"Ioflupane I-123 binds reversibly to the human dopamine transporter (DaT) with a Ki of 0.62 nM and an IC50 of 0.71 nM. Autoradiography shows concentration in the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). Competition studies with GBR 12909, citalopram, and desipramine demonstrate its selectivity for the pre-synaptic DaT."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"2023","_launchSource":"OpenFDA (20230912, CURIUM)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json?search=openfda.generic_name:\"IOFLUPANE\"","fields":["mechanism","indications","adverse_reactions","contraindications","warnings","dosage"],"source":"OpenFDA Label"},{"id":2,"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:\"IOFLUPANE\"","fields":["approvals","company"],"source":"OpenFDA Drugs@FDA"},{"id":3,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ioflupane","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":4,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ioflupane","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-31T10:37:47.703213","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:29:22.705761+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[],"genericName":"ioflupane","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"suspected Parkinsonian syndromes","source":"OpenFDA Label","regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"suspected dementia with Lewy bodies","source":"OpenFDA Label","regulator":"FDA"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Ge Hlthcare Inc","drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book patents","relatedDrugs":[],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01453127","phase":"PHASE4","title":"DaTSCAN Imaging in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2011-10","conditions":["Dementia","Parkinsonism","Mild Cognitive Impairment","REM Sleep Behavior Disorder"],"enrollment":500,"completionDate":"2026-12"},{"nctId":"NCT05109364","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Terazosin and Parkinson's Disease Extension Study","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2022-09-23","conditions":["Symptomatic Parkinson Disease","REM Sleep Behavior Disorder","Pre-motor Parkinson's Disease"],"enrollment":15,"completionDate":"2026-03-10"},{"nctId":"NCT04218968","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Cardiac Changes in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Follow up Study","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2019-12-30","conditions":["REM Sleep Behavior Disorder","Pre-motor Parkinson Disease","Symptomatic Parkinson Disease"],"enrollment":15,"completionDate":"2026-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT04386317","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Terazosin Effect on Cardiac Changes in Early Parkinson's Disease","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical 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Exeter","startDate":"2022-07-01","conditions":["Parkinson Disease","Nervous System Disorder","Neurodegenerative Diseases","Neurodegenerative Disease, Hereditary","Parkinson's"],"enrollment":45,"completionDate":"2026-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT04731246","phase":"NA","title":"Video-oculography and Parkinson's Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Association de Recherche Bibliographique pour les Neurosciences","startDate":"2021-07-07","conditions":["Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic"],"enrollment":30,"completionDate":"2032-01"},{"nctId":"NCT00820937","phase":"NA","title":"Diagnostic of Lewy Body Dementia by Combining Scintigraphy (SPECT) Using a Specific Transporter and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Limoges","startDate":"2006-03","conditions":["Lewy Body Dementia"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2008-03"},{"nctId":"NCT06828705","phase":"","title":"Establish the First International Database on Semi-quantitative Values Obtained in Scintigraphy With Datscan® in Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Camera","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Central Hospital, Nancy, France","startDate":"2025-07-30","conditions":["Neurodegenerative Diseases"],"enrollment":300,"completionDate":"2025-11-30"},{"nctId":"NCT03313011","phase":"","title":"The Neurobiology of Two Distinct Types of Progressive Apraxia of Speech","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2017-08-01","conditions":["Apraxia of Speech","Non-fluent Aphasia","Primary Progressive Aphasia","Primary Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia"],"enrollment":47,"completionDate":"2027-07"},{"nctId":"NCT03019757","phase":"","title":"Distinguishing Between Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia, and Parkinson's Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Douglas Scharre","startDate":"2018-08-30","conditions":["Alzheimer's Disease","Lewy Body Dementia","Parkinson's 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