{"id":"intranasal-ketorolac-tromethamine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Nasal irritation or discomfort"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal upset"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Rhinitis"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketorolac works by blocking COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. The intranasal formulation allows for rapid systemic absorption and faster onset of action compared to oral routes, making it suitable for acute pain management. 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Pain","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT02000401","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Intranasal Ketorolac Tromethamine (Sprix) for Acute Pain of Interstitial Cystitis Flare of Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Citrus Valley Medical Research, Inc.","startDate":"2012-05","conditions":"Interstitial Cystitis","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT01365624","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety and Pharmacokinetics Study of Intranasal Ketorolac in Elderly and Nonelderly Adult Healthy Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"American Regent, Inc.","startDate":"2008-02","conditions":"Healthy Subjects","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT01351090","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Analgesic Efficacy of Multiple Doses of Ketorolac Tromethamine (IN) for Postoperative Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"American Regent, Inc.","startDate":"","conditions":"Postoperative 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rapid pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects. Used for Acute moderate to severe pain, Postoperative pain, Migraine headache.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}