{"id":"intranasal-ketamine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Dissociation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Sedation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Increased blood pressure"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL742","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"237.73"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ketamine antagonizes N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are ionotropic glutamate receptors involved in excitatory neurotransmission. This blockade leads to rapid modulation of downstream signaling pathways, including increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which promote synaptic plasticity and neuronal growth. 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