{"id":"intraduodenal-denatonium-benzoate","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Bitter taste sensation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal discomfort"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Denatonium benzoate is one of the most bitter substances known and activates bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) in the duodenum when delivered directly into the small intestine. This activation triggers vagal afferent signaling and local enteric nervous system responses that modulate gastric emptying, intestinal motility, and potentially nutrient absorption. The bitter taste reflex is thought to provide a protective mechanism against ingestion of potentially toxic substances.","oneSentence":"Denatonium benzoate is a bitter-tasting compound administered intraduodenally that triggers taste receptors to elicit a protective reflex and modify gastrointestinal function.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:40:47.992Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Dumping syndrome (post-bariatric surgery or post-gastrectomy)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03985865","phase":"PHASE4","title":"IG vs ID Bitter Administration","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven","startDate":"2017-03-02","conditions":"Obesity","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT02759926","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Bitter Taste Receptor Agonists on The Gastrointestinal Tract, Hunger and Food Intake","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven","startDate":"2011-08","conditions":"Healthy, Obesity","enrollment":98}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["IG DB"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Intraduodenal denatonium benzoate","genericName":"Intraduodenal denatonium benzoate","companyName":"Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven","companyId":"universitaire-ziekenhuizen-ku-leuven","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Denatonium benzoate is a bitter-tasting compound administered intraduodenally that triggers taste receptors to elicit a protective reflex and modify gastrointestinal function. Used for Dumping syndrome (post-bariatric surgery or post-gastrectomy).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}