{"id":"interferon-alfa-9mu","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"70-90","effect":"Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, fatigue)"},{"rate":"50-70","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"40-60","effect":"Myalgia"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Depression"},{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Thrombocytopenia"},{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Leukopenia"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Elevated liver enzymes"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Autoimmune thyroiditis"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Interferon-alfa is a cytokine that binds to type I interferon receptors (IFNAR1/IFNAR2) on cell surfaces, triggering JAK-STAT signaling pathways. This activation upregulates expression of interferon-stimulated genes, enhancing natural killer cell activity, macrophage function, and antigen presentation. It also has direct anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on tumor cells and can inhibit angiogenesis.","oneSentence":"Interferon-alfa activates the innate immune system by binding to interferon-alpha receptors on immune cells and tumor cells, enhancing antiviral and anti-tumor immune responses.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:48:38.029Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Chronic hepatitis C"},{"name":"Chronic hepatitis B"},{"name":"Melanoma"},{"name":"Renal cell carcinoma"},{"name":"Follicular lymphoma"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00631371","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study Comparing Bevacizumab + Temsirolimus vs. Bevacizumab + Interferon-Alfa In Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pfizer","startDate":"2008-04","conditions":"Renal Cell Carcinoma","enrollment":791}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":13,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Interferon-Alfa 9MU","genericName":"Interferon-Alfa 9MU","companyName":"Pfizer","companyId":"pfizer","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Interferon-alfa activates the innate immune system by binding to interferon-alpha receptors on immune cells and tumor cells, enhancing antiviral and anti-tumor immune responses. Used for Chronic hepatitis C, Chronic hepatitis B, Melanoma.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}