{"id":"inclisiran","rwe":[{"pmid":"41874865","year":"2026","title":"Long-Acting RNA Interference Therapies for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: Current Evidence and Emerging Targets.","finding":"","journal":"Current cardiology reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41869201","year":"2026","title":"RNA-Based Therapies for Hypercholesterolemia and Coronary Artery Disease.","finding":"","journal":"Cureus","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41860775","year":"2026","title":"Inclisiran safety and efficacy in real-world clinical practice: results of a retrospective observational investigation.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41855743","year":"2026","title":"Ezetimibe vs Inclisiran in Coronary Artery Disease and Hyperlipidemia: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.","finding":"","journal":"JACC. Advances","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41850784","year":"2026","title":"Post-acute coronary syndrome cardiovascular rehabilitation: insights into endpoints, biomarkers and clinical practice.","finding":"","journal":"Heart (British Cardiac Society)","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"596d3b28-0dd7-4e01-9418-0d82372bf854","set_id":"6fc0afca-4513-4c35-b594-6544aee29a44","openfda":{"unii":["UPC6BTX7PY"],"route":["SUBCUTANEOUS"],"rxcui":["2588263","2588269"],"spl_id":["596d3b28-0dd7-4e01-9418-0d82372bf854"],"brand_name":["LEQVIO"],"spl_set_id":["6fc0afca-4513-4c35-b594-6544aee29a44"],"package_ndc":["0078-1000-60","0078-1000-98"],"product_ndc":["0078-1000"],"generic_name":["INCLISIRAN"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["INCLISIRAN SODIUM"],"manufacturer_name":["Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation"],"application_number":["NDA214012"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"12","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Discontinue LEQVIO when pregnancy is recognized. Alternatively, consider the ongoing therapeutic needs of the individual patient. Inclisiran increases LDL-C uptake and lowers LDL-C levels in the circulation, thus decreasing cholesterol and possibly other biologically active substances derived from cholesterol; therefore, LEQVIO may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant patients based on the mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] . In addition, treatment of hypercholesterolemia is not generally necessary during pregnancy. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process and the discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on the outcome of long-term therapy of hypercholesterolemia for most patients. There are no available data on the use of LEQVIO in pregnant patients to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed in rats and rabbits with subcutaneous administration of inclisiran during organogenesis at doses up to 5 to 10 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) based on body surface area (BSA) comparison ( see Data ). No adverse developmental outcomes were observed in offspring of rats administered inclisiran from organogenesis through lactation at 5 times the MRHD based on BSA comparison ( see Data ). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In embryo-fetal development studies conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits, inclisiran was administered by subcutaneous injection at dose levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg once daily during organogenesis (rats: Gestation Days 6 to 17; rabbits: Gestation Days 7 to 19). There was no evidence of embryo-fetal toxicity or teratogenicity at doses up to 5 and 10 times, respectively, the MRHD based on BSA comparison/dose. Inclisiran crosses the placenta and was detected in rat fetal plasma at concentrations that were 65 to 154 times lower than maternal levels. In a pre- and postnatal development study conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats, inclisiran was administered once daily by subcutaneous injection at levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Lactation Day 20. Inclisiran was well-tolerated in maternal rats, with no evidence of maternal toxicity and no effects on maternal performance. There were no effects on the development of the F1 generation, including survival, growth, physical and reflexological development, behavior, and reproductive performance at doses up to 5 times the MRHD, based on BSA comparison/dose."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION LEQVIO contains inclisiran sodium, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA. Inclisiran contains a covalently linked ligand containing three N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues to facilitate delivery to hepatocytes. With one exception, the 2'ribose moieties of the inclisiran sodium are present as 2'-F or 2'-OMe ribonucleotide. In addition, six of the terminal phosphodiester backbones are present as phosphorothioate linkages as indicated below. The molecular formula of inclisiran sodium is C 529 H 664 F 12 N 176 Na 43 O 316 P 43 S 6 and its molecular weight is 17,284.72 g/mol. It has the following structural formula: Abbreviations: Af = adenine 2'-F ribonucleotide; Cf = cytosine 2'-F ribonucleotide; Gf = guanine 2'-F ribonucleotide; Am = adenine 2'-OMe ribonucleotide; Cm = cytosine 2'-OMe ribonucleotide; Gm = guanine 2'-OMe ribonucleotide; Um = uracil 2'-OMe ribonucleotide; L96 = triantennary GalNAc (N-acetyl-galactosamine) LEQVIO is a sterile, preservative-free, clear, and colorless to pale yellow solution for subcutaneous use in a prefilled syringe. Each syringe contains 1.5 mL of solution containing the equivalent of 284 mg inclisiran (present as 300 mg inclisiran sodium salt). LEQVIO is formulated in Water for Injection and may also contain sodium hydroxide and/or phosphoric acid for pH adjustment to a target pH of 7.0. molecular formula of inclisiran sodium"],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING LEQVIO injection is a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution, 284 mg/1.5 mL (189 mg/mL) of inclisiran supplied as: Carton containing 1 single-dose prefilled syringe: NDC 0078-1000-60 Store LEQVIO at controlled room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F) with allowable excursions between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F) [see USP, Controlled Room Temperature (CRT)]."],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use Of the 1,833 patients treated with LEQVIO in clinical trials, 981 (54%) patients were 65 years of age and older, while 239 (13%) patients were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years of age and older and younger adult patients."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO as an adjunct to diet and other LDL-C-lowering therapies for the treatment of HeFH have been established in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. Use of LEQVIO for this indication is based on data from a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in 141 pediatric patients with HeFH. This indication is also supported by evidence from an adequate and well-controlled study in adults with HeFH. The safety profile reported in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HeFH was consistent with adult patients with hypercholesterolemia, with the exception of headache [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14)] . The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO as an adjunct to diet and other LDL-C-lowering therapies for the treatment of HoFH have been established in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. Use of LEQVIO for this indication is based on data from a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in 13 pediatric patients with HoFH [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14)] . The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO have not been established in pediatric patients with HeFH or HoFH younger than 12 years of age. The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO has not been established in pediatric patients with other types of hypercholesterolemia."],"effective_time":"20260212","clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES Adults with Primary Hypercholesterolemia or HeFH The efficacy of LEQVIO was investigated in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that enrolled 3,660 adults with HeFH, clinical ASCVD, or increased risk for ASCVD, who were taking maximally tolerated statin therapy and who required additional LDL-C lowering. Demographics and baseline disease characteristics were balanced between the treatment arms in all trials. Adults with Primary Hypercholesterolemia Trial 1 (ORION-10, NCT03399370) was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 18-month trial in which 1,561 adults with ASCVD were randomized 1:1 to receive subcutaneous injections of either LEQVIO 284 mg (n = 781) or placebo (n = 780) on Day 1, Day 90, Day 270, and at Day 450. Patients were taking a maximally tolerated dose of statin with or without other lipid modifying therapy and required additional LDL-C reduction. Patients were stratified by current use of statins or other lipid-modifying therapies. Patients taking PCSK9 inhibitors were excluded from the trial. The mean age at baseline was 66 years (range: 35 to 90 years), 60% were ≥65 years old, 31% were female, 86% were White, 13% were Black or African American, 1% were Asian, and 14% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Forty-five percent (45%) of patients had diabetes at baseline. The mean baseline LDL-C was 105 mg/dL. At the time of randomization, 89% of patients were receiving statin therapy and 69% were receiving high-intensity statin therapy. The primary efficacy outcome measure in Trial 1 was the percent change from baseline to Day 510 in LDL-C. The difference between the LEQVIO and placebo groups in mean percentage change in LDL-C from baseline to Day 510 was -52% (95% CI: -56%, -49%; p < 0.0001). For additional results, see Table 2 and Figure 1. Table 2: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 510 in Trial 1) Treatment Group LDL-C Total Cholesterol Non-HDL-C ApoB ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a 11.5% of subjects on LEQVIO and 14.6% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 510). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effect for treatment group and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using a mixed-effect model for repeated measure (MMRM) with fixed effects for treatment group, visit, interaction between treatment and visit, and baseline value. Missing data were imputed using a control-based pattern-mixture model approach. Day 510 (mean percentage change from baseline) a Placebo (n = 780) 1 0 0 -2 LEQVIO (n = 781) -51 -34 -47 -45 Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI) -52 (-56, -49) -33 (-35, -31) -47 (-50, -44) -43 (-46, -41) Figure 1: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 18 Months in Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Trial 1) Trial 2 (ORION-11, NCT03400800) was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 18-month trial in which 1,617 adults with ASCVD or increased risk for ASCVD were randomized 1:1 to receive subcutaneous injections of either LEQVIO 284 mg (n = 810) or placebo (n = 807) on Day 1, Day 90, Day 270, and Day 450. Patients were taking a maximally tolerated dose of statin with or without other lipid modifying therapy and required additional LDL-C reduction. Patients were stratified by country and by current use of statins or other lipid-modifying therapies. Patients taking PCSK9 inhibitors were excluded from the trial. The mean age at baseline was 65 years (range: 20 to 88 years), 55% were ≥65 years old, 28% were female, 98% were White, 1% were Black or African American, and <1% were Asian; <1% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Thirty-five percent (35%) of patients had diabetes at baseline. The mean baseline LDL-C was 105 mg/dL. At the time of randomization, 95% of patients were receiving statin therapy and 78% were receiving high-intensity statin therapy. The primary efficacy outcome measure in Trial 2 was the percent change from baseline to Day 510 in LDL-C. The difference between the LEQVIO and placebo groups in mean percentage change in LDL-C from baseline to Day 510 was -50% (95% CI: -53%, -47%; p < 0.0001). For additional results, see Table 3 and Figure 2. Table 3: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD or Increased Risk for ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 510 in Trial 2) Treatment Group LDL-C Total Cholesterol Non-HDL-C ApoB ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a 10.6% of subjects on LEQVIO and 8.4% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 510). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effect for treatment group and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using mixed-effect model for repeated measure (MMRM) with fixed effects for treatment group, visit, interaction between treatment and visit, and baseline value. Missing data were imputed using a control-based pattern-mixture model approach. Day 510 (mean percentage change from baseline) a Placebo (n = 807) 4 2 2 1 LEQVIO (n = 810) -46 -28 -41 -38 Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI) -50 (-53, -47) -30 (-32, -28) -43 (-46, -41) -39 (-41, -37) Figure 2: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 18 Months in Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD or Increased Risk for ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Trial 2) In a pooled analysis of Trial 1 and Trial 2, the observed treatment effect was similar across predefined subgroups, such as sex, age, race, disease characteristics, geographic regions, presence of diabetes, body mass index, baseline LDL-C levels, and intensity of statin treatment. Adults with HeFH Trial 3 (ORION-9, NCT03397121) was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 18-month trial in which 482 adults with HeFH were randomized 1:1 to receive subcutaneous injections of either LEQVIO 284 mg (n = 242) or placebo (n = 240) on Day 1, Day 90, Day 270, and at Day 450. Patients with HeFH were taking a maximally tolerated dose of statin with or without other lipid modifying therapy and required additional LDL-C reduction. The diagnosis of HeFH was made either by genotyping or clinical criteria using either the Simon Broome or WHO/Dutch Lipid Network criteria. Patients were stratified by country and by current use of statins or other lipid-modifying therapies. Patients taking PCSK9 inhibitors were excluded from the trial. The mean age at baseline was 55 years (range: 21 to 80 years), 22% were ≥65 years old, 53% were female, 94% were White, 3% were Black or African American, and 3% were Asian; and 3% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Ten percent (10%) of patients had diabetes at baseline. The mean baseline LDL-C was 153 mg/dL. At the time of randomization, 90% of patients were receiving statin therapy and 74% were receiving high-intensity statin therapy. Fifty-two percent (52%) of patients were treated with ezetimibe. The most commonly administered statins were atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. The primary efficacy outcome measure in Trial 3 was the percent change from baseline to Day 510 in LDL-C. The difference between the LEQVIO and placebo groups in mean percentage change in LDL-C from baseline to Day 510 was -48% (95% CI: -54%, -42%; p < 0.0001). For additional results, see Table 4 and Figure 3. Table 4: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Adults with HeFH on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 510 in Trial 3) Treatment Group LDL-C Total Cholesterol Non-HDL-C ApoB ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a 4.5% of subjects on LEQVIO and 4.6% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 510). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effect for treatment group and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using mixed-effect model for repeated measure (MMRM) with fixed effects for treatment group, visit, interaction between treatment and visit, and baseline value as a covariate. Missing data were imputed using a control-based pattern-mixture model approach. Day 510 (mean percentage change from baseline) a Placebo (n = 240) 8 7 7 3 LEQVIO (n = 242) -40 -25 -35 -33 Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI) -48 (-54, -42) -32 (-36, -28) -42 (-47, -37) -36 (-40, -32) Figure 3: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 18 Months in Adults with HeFH on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Trial 3) Pediatric Patients with HeFH Trial 4 (ORION-16, NCT04652726) was a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 141 pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HeFH and elevated LDL-C. Patients were receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy with or without additional LDL-C-lowering therapies. The diagnosis of HeFH was made either by genetic testing or clinical criteria. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous injections of either LEQVIO 284 mg (n = 93) or placebo (n = 48) on Day 1, Day 90, and Day 270. The mean age at baseline was 15 years (range: 12 to 17 years), 53% were female, 91% were White, 4% were Black or African American, 3% were Asian, and 3% were other races; 9% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The mean LDL-C at baseline was 183 mg/dL; 93% of patients were taking statins and 23% were on ezetimibe. The primary efficacy outcome measure in Trial 4 was the percent change from baseline to Day 330 in LDL-C. The difference between the LEQVIO and placebo groups in mean percentage change in LDL-C from baseline to Day 330 was -29% (95% CI: −36%, −21%; p < 0.0001). For additional results, see Table 5 and Figure 4. Table 5: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HeFH (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 330 in Trial 4) Treatment Group LDL-C ApoB Non-HDL-C Total Cholesterol ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a 3.2% of subjects on LEQVIO and 0% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 330). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effects for treatment group and baseline age group, and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using same approach. Day 330 (mean percentage change from baseline) a Placebo (n = 48) 1 4 2 0 LEQVIO (n = 93) -27 -21 -25 -19 Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI) -29 (-36, -21) -26 (-32, -20) -27 (-34, -20) -19 (-25, -14) Figure 4: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 12 Months in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HeFH (Trial 4) Pediatric Patients with HoFH Trial 5 (ORION-13, NCT04659863) was a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 13 pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HoFH and elevated LDL-C. All patients were taking LDL-C-lowering therapies. Patients with a null (negative) variant in both low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) alleles, who were considered unlikely to benefit from a reduction in PCSK9, were excluded. The diagnosis of HoFH was made by genetic testing. Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous injections of either LEQVIO 284 mg (n = 9) or placebo (n = 4) on Day 1, Day 90, and Day 270. The mean age at baseline was 15 years (range: 12 to 17 years), 69% were female, 85% were White, and 15% were Asian; 8% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. The mean LDL-C at baseline was 272 mg/dL; all patients were taking statins and 85% were on ezetimibe. The primary efficacy outcome measure in Trial 5 was the percent change from baseline to Day 330 in LDL-C. The difference between the LEQVIO and placebo groups in mean percentage change in LDL-C from baseline to Day 330 was -33% (95% CI: −80%, 13%). For additional results, see Table 6 and Figure 5. Table 6: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HoFH (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 330 in Trial 5) Treatment Group LDL-C ApoB Non-HDL-C Total Cholesterol ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol The trial was designed as a descriptive trial and was not powered to test any hypothesis. a No subject in either LEQVIO or placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 330). No statistical model was performed. The mean and 95% CI of the difference from placebo were calculated based on a t-distribution for the percent change from baseline in LDL-C and other endpoints. Day 330 (mean percentage change from baseline) a Placebo (n = 4) 12 5 9 9 LEQVIO (n = 9) -22 -19 -23 -19 Difference from placebo (Mean) (95% CI) -33 (-80, 13) -23 (-50, 4) -33 (-87, 22) -28 (-75, 19) Figure 5: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 12 Months in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HoFH (Trial 5) Figure 1: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 18 Months in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Trial 1) Figure 2: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 18 Months in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD or Increased Risk for ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Trial 2) Figure 3: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 18 Months in Patients with HeFH on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Trial 3) Figure 4: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 12 Months in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HeFH (Trial 4) Figure 5: Mean Percent Change from Baseline in LDL-C Over 12 Months in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HoFH (Trial 5)"],"pharmacodynamics":["12.2 Pharmacodynamics Following a single subcutaneous administration of 284 mg of inclisiran, LDL-C reduction was apparent within 14 days post dose. Mean reductions of 38% to 51% for LDL-C were observed 30 to 180 days post dose. At Day 180, LDL-C levels were still reduced by approximately 53%. Following a dose at Day 1 and Day 90 of 284 mg of inclisiran, mean serum PCSK9 levels were reduced by approximately 75% and 69% at Day 120, and Day 180, respectively. In the clinical trials, following four doses of LEQVIO at Day 1, Day 90 (3 months), Day 270 (~6 months) and Day 450 (~12 months), LDL-C, total cholesterol, ApoB, and non-HDL-C were reduced [see Clinical Studies (14)] . Cardiac Electrophysiology At a dose 3 times the maximum recommended dose, inclisiran does not prolong the QT interval to any clinically relevant extent."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following a single subcutaneous administration, systemic exposure to inclisiran increased in a linear and dose proportional manner over a range from 25 mg to 800 mg of inclisiran sodium. At the recommended dosing regimen of 284 mg of LEQVIO, plasma concentrations reached peak in approximately 4 hours post dose with a mean C max of 509 ng/mL. Concentrations reached undetectable levels after 24 to 48 hours post dosing. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from dosing extrapolated to infinity was 7,980 ng*h/mL. Pharmacokinetic findings following multiple subcutaneous administrations of LEQVIO were similar to single-dose administration. Distribution Inclisiran is 87% protein bound in vitro at the relevant clinical plasma concentrations. Following a single subcutaneous 284 mg dose of LEQVIO to healthy adults, the apparent volume of distribution is approximately 500 L. Inclisiran has been shown to have high uptake into, and selectively for the liver, the target organ for cholesterol lowering. Elimination The terminal elimination half-life of LEQVIO is approximately 9 hours, and no accumulation occurs with multiple dosing. Metabolism Inclisiran is primarily metabolized by nucleases to shorter nucleotides of varying length. Inclisiran is not a substrate for CYP450 or transporters. Excretion Approximately 16% of LEQVIO is cleared through the kidney. Specific Populations Male and Female Patients and Racial or Ethnic Groups A population pharmacodynamic analysis was conducted on data from 4,328 patients. Age, body weight, gender, race, and creatinine clearance were found not to significantly influence inclisiran pharmacokinetics. Pediatric Patients The pharmacokinetics of LEQVIO were evaluated in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HeFH (Trial 4) or HoFH (Trial 5) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4), Clinical Studies (14)] . Inclisiran plasma concentrations in pediatric patients at the clinically recommended dose were similar to adults. Patients with Renal Impairment Pharmacokinetic analysis of data from a dedicated renal impairment study reported increases in inclisiran C max and AUC of approximately 2.3 to 3.3-fold and 1.6 to 2.3-fold, respectively, in patients with mild, moderate or severe renal impairment, relative to patients with normal renal function. Despite the higher plasma exposures, reductions in LDL-C were similar across all groups based on renal function. Patients with Hepatic Impairment Pharmacokinetic analysis of data from a dedicated hepatic impairment study reported increases in inclisiran C max and AUC of approximately 1.1- to 2.1-fold and 1.3- to 2.0-fold, respectively, in patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, relative to patients with normal hepatic function. Despite the higher plasma inclisiran exposures, reductions in LDL-C were similar between the groups of patients administered inclisiran with normal hepatic function and mild hepatic impairment. In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, baseline PCSK9 levels were lower and reductions in LDL-C were less than those observed in patients with normal hepatic function. LEQVIO has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Drug Interaction Studies No formal clinical drug interaction studies have been performed. The components of LEQVIO are not substrates, inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes or transporters. In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, concomitant use of inclisiran did not have a clinically significant impact on atorvastatin or rosuvastatin concentrations. LEQVIO is not expected to cause drug-drug interactions or to be affected by inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes or transporters."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are also discussed in other sections of the label: Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Common adverse reactions in clinical trials (≥ 3%): injection site reaction, arthralgia, and bronchitis. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation at 1-888-669-6682 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions in Adults with Hypercholesterolemia The data in Table 1 are derived from 3 placebo-controlled trials that included 1,833 adults with hypercholesterolemia treated with LEQVIO, including 1,682 exposed for 18 months (median treatment duration of 77 weeks) [see Clinical Studies (14)] . The mean age of the population was 64 years, 32% of the population were female, 92% were White, 6% were Black or African American, 1% were Asian, and < 1% were other races; 6% identified as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. At baseline, 12% of patients had a diagnosis of HeFH and 85% had clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Adverse reactions reported in at least 3% of LEQVIO-treated patients, and more frequently than in placebo-treated patients, are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 3% of LEQVIO-treated Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and More Frequently than with Placebo (Trials 1, 2, and 3) Adverse Reactions Placebo (N = 1,822) % LEQVIO (N = 1,833) % †includes related terms such as: injection site pain, erythema and rash Injection site reaction† 2 8 Arthralgia 4 5 Bronchitis 3 4 Adverse reactions led to discontinuation of treatment in 2.5% of patients treated with LEQVIO and 1.9% of patients treated with placebo. The most common adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation in patients treated with LEQVIO were injection site reactions (0.2% versus 0% for LEQVIO and placebo, respectively). Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with HeFH In a 24-month, two-part trial of 141 pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HeFH (Trial 4), consisting of a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled part (Part 1/Year 1), followed by a 12-month open-label part (Part 2/Year 2), 93 patients received 284 mg of LEQVIO subcutaneously during Part 1 and 139 patients were treated with LEQVIO during Part 2 [see Clinical Studies (14)] . During Part 2, 91 patients continued LEQVIO treatment for a second year and 48 patients switched from placebo to LEQVIO for 1 year of treatment. The safety profile reported in pediatric patients with HeFH was consistent with the description above for adult patients with hypercholesterolemia, with the exception of headache. In pediatric patients with HeFH, the incidence of headache was 6% among patients who received placebo versus 13% of LEQVIO-treated patients during the double-blind study period. Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with HoFH In a 24-month, two-part trial of 13 pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HoFH (Trial 5), consisting of a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled part (Part 1/Year 1), followed by a 12-month open-label part (Part 2/Year 2), 9 patients received 284 mg of LEQVIO administered subcutaneously during Part 1 and 13 patients were treated with LEQVIO during Part 2 [see Clinical Studies (14)] . During Part 2, 9 patients continued LEQVIO treatment for a second year and 4 patients switched from placebo to LEQVIO for 1 year of treatment. The safety profile reported in pediatric patients was consistent with adult patients with hypercholesterolemia. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of LEQVIO. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, angioedema, rash, pruritus, and urticaria."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS LEQVIO is contraindicated in patients with a prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to inclisiran or any of the excipients in LEQVIO. Serious hypersensitivity reactions have included anaphylaxis and angioedema [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)] . Prior serious hypersensitivity to inclisiran or any of the excipients in LEQVIO."],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action Inclisiran is a double-stranded small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), conjugated on the sense strand with triantennary N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to facilitate uptake by hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, inclisiran utilizes the RNA interference mechanism and directs catalytic breakdown of mRNA for PCSK9. This increases LDL-C receptor recycling and expression on the hepatocyte cell surface, which increases LDL-C uptake and lowers LDL-C levels in the circulation."],"instructions_for_use":["This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Revised: February 2026 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE LEQVIO ® [leck' vee oh] (inclisiran) injection, for subcutaneous use 284 mg/1.5 mL single-dose Prefilled Syringe The following information is intended for healthcare professionals only. This Instructions for Use contains information on how to inject LEQVIO using the prefilled syringe. Important Information You Need to Know Before Injecting LEQVIO: Do not use the prefilled syringe if any of the seals on the outer carton or the seal of the plastic tray are broken. Do not remove the needle cap until you are ready to inject. Do not use if the prefilled syringe has been dropped after removing the needle cap. Do not try to re-use or take apart the prefilled syringe. Step 1. Inspect the prefilled syringe It should appear clear and colorless to pale yellow. Do not use if particulate matter or discoloration is seen. You may see air bubbles in the liquid, which is normal. Do not try to remove the air. Do not use the prefilled syringe if it looks damaged or if any of the solution for injection has leaked out of the prefilled syringe. Do not use the prefilled syringe after the expiration date (EXP), which is printed on the prefilled syringe label and carton. Step 2. Select and prepare the injection site Choose an injection site in the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh ( see Figure A ). Do not inject in areas of active skin disease or injury, such as sunburns, skin rashes, inflammation, or skin infection. Wipe the skin with an alcohol swab. Let the injection site dry before you inject the dose. Figure A Step 3. Remove needle cap Firmly pull straight to remove the needle cap from the prefilled syringe ( see Figure B ). You may see a drop of liquid at the end of the needle. This is normal. Do not put the needle cap back on. Throw it away. Note: Do not remove the needle cap until you are ready to inject. Early removal of the needle cap prior to injection can lead to drying of the drug product within the needle, which can result in needle clogging. Figure B Step 4. Insert the needle Gently pinch the skin at the injection site and hold the pinch throughout the injection. With the other hand insert the needle into the skin at an angle of approximately 45 degrees as shown ( see Figure C ). Figure C Step 5. Inject Continue to pinch the skin. Slowly press the plunger as far as it will go ( see Figure D ). This will make sure that a full dose is injected. Note: If you cannot depress the plunger following insertion of the needle, use a new prefilled syringe. Figure D Step 6. Complete injection and dispose of the prefilled syringe Remove the prefilled syringe from the injection site. Do not put the needle cap back on. Dispose of the prefilled syringe in an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container right away after use. For more information, visit www.leqvio.com or call 1-833-LEQVIO2 (1-833-537-8462). Distributed by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 © Novartis T2026-03 IFU image 1 Figure A Figure B Figure C Figure D"],"recent_major_changes":["Indications and Usage ( 1 ) 07/2025, 02/2026 Contraindications ( 4 ) 02/2026 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) 02/2026"],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Inclisiran is a double-stranded small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), conjugated on the sense strand with triantennary N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to facilitate uptake by hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, inclisiran utilizes the RNA interference mechanism and directs catalytic breakdown of mRNA for PCSK9. This increases LDL-C receptor recycling and expression on the hepatocyte cell surface, which increases LDL-C uptake and lowers LDL-C levels in the circulation. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Following a single subcutaneous administration of 284 mg of inclisiran, LDL-C reduction was apparent within 14 days post dose. Mean reductions of 38% to 51% for LDL-C were observed 30 to 180 days post dose. At Day 180, LDL-C levels were still reduced by approximately 53%. Following a dose at Day 1 and Day 90 of 284 mg of inclisiran, mean serum PCSK9 levels were reduced by approximately 75% and 69% at Day 120, and Day 180, respectively. In the clinical trials, following four doses of LEQVIO at Day 1, Day 90 (3 months), Day 270 (~6 months) and Day 450 (~12 months), LDL-C, total cholesterol, ApoB, and non-HDL-C were reduced [see Clinical Studies (14)] . Cardiac Electrophysiology At a dose 3 times the maximum recommended dose, inclisiran does not prolong the QT interval to any clinically relevant extent. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following a single subcutaneous administration, systemic exposure to inclisiran increased in a linear and dose proportional manner over a range from 25 mg to 800 mg of inclisiran sodium. At the recommended dosing regimen of 284 mg of LEQVIO, plasma concentrations reached peak in approximately 4 hours post dose with a mean C max of 509 ng/mL. Concentrations reached undetectable levels after 24 to 48 hours post dosing. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from dosing extrapolated to infinity was 7,980 ng*h/mL. Pharmacokinetic findings following multiple subcutaneous administrations of LEQVIO were similar to single-dose administration. Distribution Inclisiran is 87% protein bound in vitro at the relevant clinical plasma concentrations. Following a single subcutaneous 284 mg dose of LEQVIO to healthy adults, the apparent volume of distribution is approximately 500 L. Inclisiran has been shown to have high uptake into, and selectively for the liver, the target organ for cholesterol lowering. Elimination The terminal elimination half-life of LEQVIO is approximately 9 hours, and no accumulation occurs with multiple dosing. Metabolism Inclisiran is primarily metabolized by nucleases to shorter nucleotides of varying length. Inclisiran is not a substrate for CYP450 or transporters. Excretion Approximately 16% of LEQVIO is cleared through the kidney. Specific Populations Male and Female Patients and Racial or Ethnic Groups A population pharmacodynamic analysis was conducted on data from 4,328 patients. Age, body weight, gender, race, and creatinine clearance were found not to significantly influence inclisiran pharmacokinetics. Pediatric Patients The pharmacokinetics of LEQVIO were evaluated in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HeFH (Trial 4) or HoFH (Trial 5) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4), Clinical Studies (14)] . Inclisiran plasma concentrations in pediatric patients at the clinically recommended dose were similar to adults. Patients with Renal Impairment Pharmacokinetic analysis of data from a dedicated renal impairment study reported increases in inclisiran C max and AUC of approximately 2.3 to 3.3-fold and 1.6 to 2.3-fold, respectively, in patients with mild, moderate or severe renal impairment, relative to patients with normal renal function. Despite the higher plasma exposures, reductions in LDL-C were similar across all groups based on renal function. Patients with Hepatic Impairment Pharmacokinetic analysis of data from a dedicated hepatic impairment study reported increases in inclisiran C max and AUC of approximately 1.1- to 2.1-fold and 1.3- to 2.0-fold, respectively, in patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, relative to patients with normal hepatic function. Despite the higher plasma inclisiran exposures, reductions in LDL-C were similar between the groups of patients administered inclisiran with normal hepatic function and mild hepatic impairment. In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, baseline PCSK9 levels were lower and reductions in LDL-C were less than those observed in patients with normal hepatic function. LEQVIO has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Drug Interaction Studies No formal clinical drug interaction studies have been performed. The components of LEQVIO are not substrates, inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes or transporters. In a population pharmacokinetic analysis, concomitant use of inclisiran did not have a clinically significant impact on atorvastatin or rosuvastatin concentrations. LEQVIO is not expected to cause drug-drug interactions or to be affected by inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes or transporters. 12.6 Immunogenicity The observed incidence of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Differences in assay methods preclude meaningful comparisons of the incidence of ADA in the studies described below with the incidence of ADA in other studies, including those of inclisiran. The immunogenicity of LEQVIO has been evaluated using screening and confirmatory immunoassays for the detection of binding anti-inclisiran antibodies. Samples from 1,830 adult patients in the placebo-controlled clinical trials were tested for ADA [see Clinical Studies (14)] . Confirmed positivity was detected in 33/1,830 (2%) patients prior to receiving LEQVIO and in 90/1,830 (5%) patients during the 18 months of treatment with LEQVIO. Approximately 31/1,830 (2%) LEQVIO-treated adult patients with a negative sample at baseline had a persistent anti-inclisiran antibody response, defined as two confirmed positive samples separated by at least 16 weeks or a single confirmed positive final sample. In pediatric patients with HeFH, confirmed positivity was not detected in Year 1 (12 months of double-blind period), but was detected in 8/139 (6%) patients in Year 2 (12 months of open-label period). In pediatric patients with HoFH, confirmed positivity was detected in 1/13 (8%) patient at pre-dose and throughout the trial (12 months of double-blind period and 12 months of open-label period) [see Clinical Studies (14)] . There was no identified clinically significant effect of anti-inclisiran antibodies on pharmacodynamics, safety, or effectiveness of LEQVIO in adults and pediatrics during the placebo-controlled studies. However, the long-term consequences of continuing LEQVIO treatment in the presence of anti-inclisiran binding antibodies are unknown."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE LEQVIO ® is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in: adults with hypercholesterolemia. adults and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). LEQVIO is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed to proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in: adults with hypercholesterolemia. ( 1 ) adults and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). ( 1 ) pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypersensitivity Reactions: Have been reported in patients treated with LEQVIO. Advise patients on the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and instruct patients to seek medical attention promptly. ( 5.1 ) 5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, have been reported in patients treated with LEQVIO [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)] . Advise patients on the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and instruct patients to seek medical attention promptly. LEQVIO is contraindicated in patients with a prior serious hypersensitivity reaction to inclisiran or any of the excipients in LEQVIO."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Table 2: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 510 in Trial 1)
Treatment GroupLDL-CTotal CholesterolNon-HDL-CApoB
ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a11.5% of subjects on LEQVIO and 14.6% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 510). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effect for treatment group and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using a mixed-effect model for repeated measure (MMRM) with fixed effects for treatment group, visit, interaction between treatment and visit, and baseline value. Missing data were imputed using a control-based pattern-mixture model approach.
Day 510 (mean percentage change from baseline)a
Placebo (n = 780)100-2
LEQVIO (n = 781)-51-34-47-45
Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI)-52 (-56, -49)-33 (-35, -31)-47 (-50, -44)-43 (-46, -41)
","
Table 3: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD or Increased Risk for ASCVD on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 510 in Trial 2)
Treatment GroupLDL-CTotal CholesterolNon-HDL-CApoB
ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a10.6% of subjects on LEQVIO and 8.4% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 510). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effect for treatment group and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using mixed-effect model for repeated measure (MMRM) with fixed effects for treatment group, visit, interaction between treatment and visit, and baseline value. Missing data were imputed using a control-based pattern-mixture model approach.
Day 510 (mean percentage change from baseline)a
Placebo (n = 807)4221
LEQVIO (n = 810)-46-28-41-38
Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI)-50 (-53, -47)-30 (-32, -28)-43 (-46, -41)-39 (-41, -37)
","
Table 4: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Adults with HeFH on Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 510 in Trial 3)
Treatment GroupLDL-CTotal CholesterolNon-HDL-CApoB
ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a4.5% of subjects on LEQVIO and 4.6% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 510). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effect for treatment group and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using mixed-effect model for repeated measure (MMRM) with fixed effects for treatment group, visit, interaction between treatment and visit, and baseline value as a covariate. Missing data were imputed using a control-based pattern-mixture model approach.
Day 510 (mean percentage change from baseline)a
Placebo (n = 240)8773
LEQVIO (n = 242)-40-25-35-33
Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI)-48 (-54, -42)-32 (-36, -28)-42 (-47, -37)-36 (-40, -32)
","
Table 5: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HeFH (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 330 in Trial 4)
Treatment GroupLDL-CApoBNon-HDL-CTotal Cholesterol
ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol a3.2% of subjects on LEQVIO and 0% of subjects on placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 330). Missing data were imputed using a modified control-based multiple imputation to account for treatment adherence. Percent change from baseline in LDL-C was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with fixed effects for treatment group and baseline age group, and baseline LDL-C as a covariate. Other endpoints were analyzed using same approach.
Day 330 (mean percentage change from baseline)a
Placebo (n = 48)1420
LEQVIO (n = 93)-27-21-25-19
Difference from placebo (LS Mean) (95% CI)-29 (-36, -21)-26 (-32, -20)-27 (-34, -20)-19 (-25, -14)
","
Table 6: Changes in Lipid Parameters in Pediatric Patients aged 12 Years and Older with HoFH (Mean % Change from Baseline to Day 330 in Trial 5)
Treatment GroupLDL-CApoBNon-HDL-CTotal Cholesterol
ApoB = apolipoprotein B; CI = confidence interval; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol The trial was designed as a descriptive trial and was not powered to test any hypothesis. aNo subject in either LEQVIO or placebo had missing LDL-C data at primary endpoint (Day 330). No statistical model was performed. The mean and 95% CI of the difference from placebo were calculated based on a t-distribution for the percent change from baseline in LDL-C and other endpoints.
Day 330 (mean percentage change from baseline)a
Placebo (n = 4)12599
LEQVIO (n = 9)-22-19-23-19
Difference from placebo (Mean) (95% CI)-33 (-80, 13)-23 (-50, 4)-33 (-87, 22)-28 (-75, 19)
"],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In a 2-year carcinogenicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered subcutaneous doses of 40, 95, or 250 mg/kg inclisiran once every 28 days (1, 3, or 8 times the MRHD, based on BSA comparison/dose). Inclisiran was not carcinogenic up to the highest dose tested. In a 26-week study in RasH2Tg mice, subcutaneous doses of 300, 600, or 1,500 mg/kg once every 28 days were administered. Inclisiran was not carcinogenic up to the highest dose tested. Inclisiran was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a standard battery of genotoxicity tests, including a bacterial mutagenicity assay, an in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human peripheral lymphocytes, and an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay in rats. Fertility and early embryonic-development studies were conducted in male and female rats. In male rats, inclisiran was administered subcutaneously at dose levels of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 4 weeks before cohabitation through mating, and until termination between Days 64 and 67. In female rats, inclisiran was administered subcutaneously at dose levels of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg once every 4 days beginning 14 days prior to cohabitation and through mating, followed by 10, 50, or 150 mg/kg once daily during the gestation period up to Gestation Day 7. There were no adverse effects on fertility up to the highest dose examined, corresponding to 8 times the MRHD, based on BSA comparison/dose."],"adverse_reactions_table":["
Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 3% of LEQVIO-treated Adults with Hypercholesterolemia and More Frequently than with Placebo (Trials 1, 2, and 3)
Adverse ReactionsPlacebo (N = 1,822) %LEQVIO (N = 1,833) %
†includes related terms such as: injection site pain, erythema and rash
Injection site reaction†28
Arthralgia45
Bronchitis34
"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Pregnancy Advise pregnant patients and patients who can become pregnant of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy to discuss if LEQVIO should be discontinued [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)] . Hypersensitivity Inform patients that serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, have been reported in patients treated with LEQVIO. Advise patients on the signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions and instruct them to seek medical advice promptly if such symptoms occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . Injection Site Reactions Advise patients that injection site reactions can occur with LEQVIO [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] . Distributed by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation East Hanover, New Jersey 07936 For more information, visit www.leqvio.com or call 1-833-LEQVIO2 (1-833-537-8462). © Novartis T2026-02"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION The recommended dosage of LEQVIO for adults and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older is 284 mg administered as a single subcutaneous injection initially, again at 3 months, and then every 6 months. ( 2.1 ) LEQVIO should be administered by a healthcare professional. ( 2.2 ) Inject LEQVIO subcutaneously into the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Recommended Dosage The recommended dosage of LEQVIO for adults and pediatric patients aged 12 years and older is 284 mg administered as a single subcutaneous injection initially, again at 3 months, and then every 6 months. If a planned dose is missed by less than 3 months, administer LEQVIO and maintain dosing according to the patient’s original schedule. If a planned dose is missed by more than 3 months, restart with a new dosing schedule - administer LEQVIO initially, again at 3 months, and then every 6 months. Assess LDL-C when clinically indicated. The LDL-lowering effect of LEQVIO may be measured as early as 30 days after initiation and anytime thereafter without regard to timing of the dose. 2.2 Important Administration Instructions LEQVIO should be administered by a healthcare professional. Inject LEQVIO subcutaneously into the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh. Do not inject in areas of active skin disease or injury, such as sunburns, skin rashes, inflammation, or skin infections. Inspect LEQVIO visually before use. It should appear clear and colorless to pale yellow. Do not use if particulate matter or discoloration is seen. For more detailed instruction on administration of the prefilled syringe, see Instructions for Use."],"spl_product_data_elements":["LEQVIO inclisiran INCLISIRAN SODIUM INCLISIRAN WATER SODIUM HYDROXIDE PHOSPHORIC ACID"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection: 284 mg/1.5 mL (189 mg/mL) of inclisiran as a clear, and colorless to pale yellow solution in a single-dose prefilled syringe. Injection: 284 mg/1.5 mL (189 mg/mL) in a single-dose prefilled syringe. ( 3 )"],"instructions_for_use_table":["
This Instructions for Use has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.Revised: February 2026
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE LEQVIO® [leck' vee oh] (inclisiran) injection, for subcutaneous use 284 mg/1.5 mL single-dose Prefilled Syringe
The following information is intended for healthcare professionals only. This Instructions for Use contains information on how to inject LEQVIO using the prefilled syringe.
Important Information You Need to Know Before Injecting LEQVIO:Do not use the prefilled syringe if any of the seals on the outer carton or the seal of the plastic tray are broken.Do not remove the needle cap until you are ready to inject.Do not use if the prefilled syringe has been dropped after removing the needle cap.Do not try to re-use or take apart the prefilled syringe.
Step 1. Inspect the prefilled syringe It should appear clear and colorless to pale yellow. Do not use if particulate matter or discoloration is seen. You may see air bubbles in the liquid, which is normal. Do not try to remove the air. Do not use the prefilled syringe if it looks damaged or if any of the solution for injection has leaked out of the prefilled syringe.Do not use the prefilled syringe after the expiration date (EXP), which is printed on the prefilled syringe label and carton.
Step 2. Select and prepare the injection siteChoose an injection site in the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh (see Figure A). Do not inject in areas of active skin disease or injury, such as sunburns, skin rashes, inflammation, or skin infection.Wipe the skin with an alcohol swab. Let the injection site dry before you inject the dose. Figure A
Step 3. Remove needle cap Firmly pull straight to remove the needle cap from the prefilled syringe (see Figure B). You may see a drop of liquid at the end of the needle. This is normal. Do not put the needle cap back on. Throw it away. Note: Do not remove the needle cap until you are ready to inject. Early removal of the needle cap prior to injection can lead to drying of the drug product within the needle, which can result in needle clogging. Figure B
Step 4. Insert the needle Gently pinch the skin at the injection site and hold the pinch throughout the injection. With the other hand insert the needle into the skin at an angle of approximately 45 degrees as shown (see Figure C). Figure C
Step 5. Inject Continue to pinch the skin. Slowly press the plunger as far as it will go (see Figure D). This will make sure that a full dose is injected. Note: If you cannot depress the plunger following insertion of the needle, use a new prefilled syringe. Figure D
Step 6. Complete injection and dispose of the prefilled syringe Remove the prefilled syringe from the injection site. Do not put the needle cap back on. Dispose of the prefilled syringe in an FDA-cleared sharps disposal container right away after use.
For more information, visit www.leqvio.com or call 1-833-LEQVIO2 (1-833-537-8462).
Distributed by: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
© Novartis
"],"recent_major_changes_table":["
Indications and Usage (1)07/2025, 02/2026
Contraindications (4)02/2026
Warnings and Precautions (5.1)02/2026
"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Discontinue LEQVIO when pregnancy is recognized. Alternatively, consider the ongoing therapeutic needs of the individual patient. Inclisiran increases LDL-C uptake and lowers LDL-C levels in the circulation, thus decreasing cholesterol and possibly other biologically active substances derived from cholesterol; therefore, LEQVIO may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant patients based on the mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] . In addition, treatment of hypercholesterolemia is not generally necessary during pregnancy. Atherosclerosis is a chronic process and the discontinuation of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy should have little impact on the outcome of long-term therapy of hypercholesterolemia for most patients. There are no available data on the use of LEQVIO in pregnant patients to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed in rats and rabbits with subcutaneous administration of inclisiran during organogenesis at doses up to 5 to 10 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) based on body surface area (BSA) comparison ( see Data ). No adverse developmental outcomes were observed in offspring of rats administered inclisiran from organogenesis through lactation at 5 times the MRHD based on BSA comparison ( see Data ). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. Data Animal Data In embryo-fetal development studies conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits, inclisiran was administered by subcutaneous injection at dose levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg once daily during organogenesis (rats: Gestation Days 6 to 17; rabbits: Gestation Days 7 to 19). There was no evidence of embryo-fetal toxicity or teratogenicity at doses up to 5 and 10 times, respectively, the MRHD based on BSA comparison/dose. Inclisiran crosses the placenta and was detected in rat fetal plasma at concentrations that were 65 to 154 times lower than maternal levels. In a pre- and postnatal development study conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats, inclisiran was administered once daily by subcutaneous injection at levels of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Lactation Day 20. Inclisiran was well-tolerated in maternal rats, with no evidence of maternal toxicity and no effects on maternal performance. There were no effects on the development of the F1 generation, including survival, growth, physical and reflexological development, behavior, and reproductive performance at doses up to 5 times the MRHD, based on BSA comparison/dose. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information on the presence of inclisiran in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Inclisiran was present in the milk of lactating rats in all dose groups. When a drug is present in animal milk, it is likely that the drug will be present in human milk ( see Data ). Oligonucleotide-based products typically have poor oral bioavailability; therefore, it is considered unlikely that low levels of inclisiran present in milk will adversely impact an infant’s development during lactation. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for LEQVIO and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from LEQVIO or from the underlying maternal condition. Data In lactating rats, inclisiran was detected in milk at mean maternal plasma: milk ratios that ranged between 0.361 and 1.79. However, there is no evidence of systemic absorption in the suckling rat neonates. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO as an adjunct to diet and other LDL-C-lowering therapies for the treatment of HeFH have been established in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. Use of LEQVIO for this indication is based on data from a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in 141 pediatric patients with HeFH. This indication is also supported by evidence from an adequate and well-controlled study in adults with HeFH. The safety profile reported in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older with HeFH was consistent with adult patients with hypercholesterolemia, with the exception of headache [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14)] . The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO as an adjunct to diet and other LDL-C-lowering therapies for the treatment of HoFH have been established in pediatric patients aged 12 years and older. Use of LEQVIO for this indication is based on data from a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in 13 pediatric patients with HoFH [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14)] . The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO have not been established in pediatric patients with HeFH or HoFH younger than 12 years of age. The safety and effectiveness of LEQVIO has not been established in pediatric patients with other types of hypercholesterolemia. 8.5 Geriatric Use Of the 1,833 patients treated with LEQVIO in clinical trials, 981 (54%) patients were 65 years of age and older, while 239 (13%) patients were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years of age and older and younger adult patients. 8.6 Renal Impairment No dose adjustments are necessary for patients with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . LEQVIO has not been studied in patients with end stage renal disease [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . 8.7 Hepatic Impairment No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment. LEQVIO has not been studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] ."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL LEQVIO ® (inclisiran) injection Contains One Single-dose Prefilled Syringe For subcutaneous use For administration by a healthcare professional only 284 mg/1.5 mL (189 mg/mL) NDC 0078-1000-60 Sterile Solution Rx only NOVARTIS PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL LEQVIO® (inclisiran) injection Contains One Single-dose Prefilled Syringe For subcutaneous use For administration by a healthcare professional only 284 mg/1.5 mL (189 mg/mL) NDC 0078-1000-60 Sterile Solution Rx only NOVARTIS"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In a 2-year carcinogenicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered subcutaneous doses of 40, 95, or 250 mg/kg inclisiran once every 28 days (1, 3, or 8 times the MRHD, based on BSA comparison/dose). Inclisiran was not carcinogenic up to the highest dose tested. In a 26-week study in RasH2Tg mice, subcutaneous doses of 300, 600, or 1,500 mg/kg once every 28 days were administered. Inclisiran was not carcinogenic up to the highest dose tested. Inclisiran was not mutagenic or clastogenic in a standard battery of genotoxicity tests, including a bacterial mutagenicity assay, an in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human peripheral lymphocytes, and an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus assay in rats. Fertility and early embryonic-development studies were conducted in male and female rats. In male rats, inclisiran was administered subcutaneously at dose levels of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 4 weeks before cohabitation through mating, and until termination between Days 64 and 67. In female rats, inclisiran was administered subcutaneously at dose levels of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg once every 4 days beginning 14 days prior to cohabitation and through mating, followed by 10, 50, or 150 mg/kg once daily during the gestation period up to Gestation Day 7. There were no adverse effects on fertility up to the highest dose examined, corresponding to 8 times the MRHD, based on BSA comparison/dose."]},"tags":[{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9","category":"target"},{"label":"PCSK9","category":"gene"},{"label":"C10AX16","category":"atc"},{"label":"LOE Approaching","category":"status"},{"label":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","category":"indication"},{"label":"Familial hypercholesterolemia - heterozygous","category":"indication"},{"label":"Novartis","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 2020s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"ARTHRALGIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"740 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"MYALGIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"584 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"INJECTION SITE PAIN","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"509 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN INCREASED","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"447 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PAIN IN EXTREMITY","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"442 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PAIN","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"370 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FATIGUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"363 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"356 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DIARRHOEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"326 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DYSPNOEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"319 reports"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Low density lipoprotein increased","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Myalgia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Injection site pain","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Arthralgia","drugRate":"LLR 64","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"Injection site rash","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Novartis","patents":[{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Aug 18, 2034","useCode":"U-4413","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"10125369","drugSubstance":true},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Dec 4, 2028","useCode":"U-4413","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"9370582","drugSubstance":true},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Dec 4, 2028","useCode":"U-4413","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"8828956","drugSubstance":true},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"May 10, 2027","useCode":"U-4413","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"8809292","drugSubstance":true},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Aug 25, 2036","useCode":"U-4413","territory":"US","drugProduct":false,"patentNumber":"10851377","drugSubstance":false},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Aug 24, 2028","useCode":"U-4413","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"10131907","drugSubstance":true},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Dec 29, 2027","useCode":"U-4249","territory":"US","drugProduct":false,"patentNumber":"8222222","drugSubstance":false},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Dec 12, 2029","useCode":"U-4249","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"8106022","drugSubstance":true},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Dec 4, 2028","useCode":"","territory":"US","drugProduct":false,"patentNumber":"10806791","drugSubstance":true},{"applNo":"N214012","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Aug 18, 2034","useCode":"","territory":"US","drugProduct":true,"patentNumber":"12460206","drugSubstance":true}],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=INCLISIRAN","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:17.671278+00:00"},"patents":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Orange Book","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_orange_book","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:17.671195+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclisiran","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:24.619269+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:23.250314+00:00"},"regulatory.eu":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"European Medicines Agency","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ema_api","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:17.742965+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:16.061789+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=INCLISIRAN","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:23.575960+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:15.108965+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:15.108995+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:25.046626+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: PCSK9 mRNA RNAi inhibitor","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:24.619184+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL3990033/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:24.269005+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"NDA214012","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:15.109000+00:00"}},"allNames":"leqvio","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["inclisiran","leqvio","ALN-PCSsc","ALN-60212","KJX-839","PCSK9si"],"timeline":[{"date":"2020-12-09","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"EMA approval (Novartis Europharm Limited)"},{"date":"2021-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from NOVARTIS PHARMS CORP to Novartis"},{"date":"2021-12-22","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Novartis Pharms Corp)"},{"date":"2026-12-22","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"New Chemical Entity exclusivity expires"},{"date":"2027-05-10","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Substance patent 8809292 expires"},{"date":"2028-08-24","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Substance patent 10131907 expires"},{"date":"2028-12-04","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Substance patent 9370582 expires"},{"date":"2029-02-12","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"I-985 exclusivity expires"},{"date":"2029-12-12","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Substance patent 8106022 expires"},{"date":"2034-08-18","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Substance patent 10125369 expires"}],"aiSummary":"Leqvio (Inclisiran) is a small molecule modality developed by Novartis that targets PCSK9 to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and familial hypercholesterolemia. It was FDA-approved in 2021 and remains a patented product with no generic manufacturers. Leqvio works by binding to PCSK9, preventing it from breaking down LDL receptors, and thereby reducing LDL cholesterol levels. Key safety considerations include potential liver enzyme elevations and injection site reactions. As a patented product, Leqvio is not yet available as a generic.","approvals":[{"date":"2020-12-09","orphan":false,"company":"Novartis Europharm Limited","regulator":"EMA"},{"date":"2021-12-22","orphan":false,"company":"NOVARTIS PHARMS CORP","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Leqvio","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Familial hypercholesterolemia - heterozygous","otherDrugs":[{"name":"alirocumab","slug":"alirocumab","company":"Sanofi Aventis"},{"name":"atorvastatin","slug":"atorvastatin","company":"Pfizer"},{"name":"bempedoic acid","slug":"bempedoic-acid","company":"Esperion Theraps Inc"},{"name":"choline fenofibrate","slug":"choline-fenofibrate","company":"Abbvie"}],"globalPrevalence":390000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"PCSK9","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9","protein":"Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","explanation":"Think of PCSK9 like a garbage truck that picks up LDL receptors from the surface of liver cells. When PCSK9 binds to these receptors, it takes them away, reducing the number of receptors available to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. By binding to PCSK9, Leqvio prevents it from doing its job, allowing more LDL receptors to stay on the liver cells and remove more LDL cholesterol from the blood.","oneSentence":"Leqvio works by binding to PCSK9, preventing it from breaking down LDL receptors.","technicalDetail":"Leqvio is a small molecule inhibitor of PCSK9 that binds to the protein and prevents it from binding to LDL receptors, thereby reducing the degradation of these receptors and increasing their availability on the surface of liver cells to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood.","_target_confidence":0.5},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclisiran","title":"Inclisiran","extract":"Inclisiran, sold under the brand name Leqvio, is a medication used for the treatment of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and for the treatment of people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), ASCVD risk-equivalents, and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). It is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that acts as an inhibitor of a proprotein convertase, specifically, inhibiting translation of the protein PCSK9.","wiki_history":"== History ==\nIn 2019, The Medicines Company announced positive results from a pivotal phase III study (all primary and secondary endpoints were met with efficacy consistent with Phase I and II studies). The company anticipated regulatory submissions in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of 2019 and in Europe in the first quarter of 2020. Inclisiran is being developed by The Medicines Company, a subsidiary of Novartis, which licensed the rights to inclisiran from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.\n\nThe effectiveness of inclisiran was studied in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (trial 1/NCT03397121, trial 2/NCT03399370, and trial 3/NCT03400800) that enrolled 3,457 adults with HeFH or clinical ASCVD. These cardiovascular benefits were only observed as non-adjudicated adverse events rather than pre-defined outcomes, meaning further, intentional studies are required to determine statistical significance. Landmark trials are currently underway focusing on reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with a history of a MACE (ORION-4) or at high risk of one (VICTORION-2). ORION-4 and VICTORION-2 are expected to be completed and reported in 2026 and 2027, respectively.","wiki_society_and_culture":"== Society and culture ==\n=== Economics ===\nThe wholesale acquisition cost of inclisiran is per injection."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"2021","revenueYear":2025,"_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 2021-12-22, NOVARTIS PHARMS CORP)","annualRevenue":863,"revenueSource":"Verified: Novartis 9M 2025","revenueCurrency":"USD","revenueConfidence":"verified","revenueExtractedAt":"2026-04-01T11:47:50.596991","revenueExtractedBy":"revenue-sec"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/5498","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=INCLISIRAN","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=INCLISIRAN","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclisiran","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_emaChecked":true,"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T12:03:42.560050","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:46:27.745724+00:00","fieldsConflicting":5,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"dextrothyroxine","drugSlug":"dextrothyroxine","fdaApproval":"1967-04-14","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"probucol","drugSlug":"probucol","fdaApproval":"1977-02-01","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ezetimibe","drugSlug":"ezetimibe","fdaApproval":"2002-10-25","patentExpiry":"Apr 30, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"mipomersen","drugSlug":"mipomersen","fdaApproval":"2013-01-29","patentExpiry":"Jan 29, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lomitapide","drugSlug":"lomitapide","fdaApproval":"2012-12-21","patentExpiry":"Aug 19, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"evolocumab","drugSlug":"evolocumab","fdaApproval":"2015-08-28","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"alirocumab","drugSlug":"alirocumab","fdaApproval":"2015-07-24","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"bempedoic acid","drugSlug":"bempedoic-acid","fdaApproval":"2020-02-21","patentExpiry":"Mar 14, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"evinacumab","drugSlug":"evinacumab","fdaApproval":"2021-02-11","relationship":"same-class"}],"exclusivity":[{"code":"I-985","date":"Feb 12, 2029"},{"code":"NCE","date":"Dec 22, 2026"},{"code":"NPP","date":"Feb 12, 2029"}],"genericName":"inclisiran","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":72092001,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Familial hypercholesterolemia - 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