{"id":"immunotherapy-toripalimab-injection","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Fatigue"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Decreased appetite"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Immune-related adverse events (pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Infusion-related reactions"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL4297843","moleculeType":"Antibody"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Toripalimab binds to programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) on T cells, preventing interaction with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) expressed on tumor cells and immune cells. This blockade restores T cell activation, proliferation, and effector function, enabling the immune system to mount an effective anti-tumor response. It is used as an immunotherapy agent in various solid tumors.","oneSentence":"Toripalimab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-1 on immune cells, releasing the brakes on anti-tumor immunity and allowing T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:15:43.630Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma"},{"name":"Non-small cell lung cancer"},{"name":"Melanoma"},{"name":"Other solid tumors (in clinical development)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05707910","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Clinical Study of Therapeutic Immunological Agent for EBV-positive Advanced Malignant Tumors","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"West China Hospital","startDate":"2023-02-08","conditions":"Malignant Tumor","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT07245901","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Safety and Tolerability of a mRNA Vaccine Encoding Tumor-Specific Circular RNA Antigens in Combination With Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","startDate":"2025-12-05","conditions":"Solid Tumor","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06730932","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Prospective，Single Arm, Multicenter Clinical Study of BTLA Monoclonal Antibody JS004 (B/T Lymphocyte Attenuator Factor Monoclonal Antibody) in Combination With Toripalimab in Patients With Unresectable or Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Had Failed Previous Immunotherapy","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"RenJi Hospital","startDate":"2025-10-30","conditions":"Unresectable or Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma That Has Progressed After Previous Immunotherapy","enrollment":31},{"nctId":"NCT06228079","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Adjuvant vs Surgery Only in Early-stage Recurrent NPC","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan 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Cancer","enrollment":81},{"nctId":"NCT06370754","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Newly Emerging Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Fudan University","startDate":"2024-04-30","conditions":"Pancreatic Cancer","enrollment":117},{"nctId":"NCT06187597","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Consolidation of Toripalimab After Chemoradiotherapy in Elderly Esophageal Cancer (EC-CRT-007)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2024-03-01","conditions":"Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","enrollment":140},{"nctId":"NCT04137900","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific to B-and T-Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) as Monotherapy and in Combination With an Anti-PD1 Monoclonal Antibody for Injection in Subjects With Advanced Malignancies","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"TopAlliance Biosciences","startDate":"2019-10-30","conditions":"Advanced Unresectable Solid Tumor, Metastatic Solid Tumor","enrollment":499},{"nctId":"NCT06009705","phase":"","title":"Toripalimab Combined With Radiotherapy and S-1 for Older Patients With Esophageal Cancer","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital","startDate":"2022-10-01","conditions":"Esophageal Carcinoma","enrollment":56},{"nctId":"NCT05652712","phase":"","title":"A Real-World Study of Toripalimab in Chinese Patients With Lung Cancer(THUNDER Study)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Qianfoshan Hospital","startDate":"2019-01-01","conditions":"Lung Cancer","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT05644509","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Study on the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Solid Tumor With Revottack and PD-1 Inhibitor","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University","startDate":"2022-12","conditions":"Advanced Solid Tumor","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT04084158","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of Toripalimab Combined With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"Zhejiang Cancer Hospital","startDate":"2019-09-07","conditions":"Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT03316144","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics of Toripalimab for Patients With Recurrent Malignant Lymphoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shanghai Junshi Bioscience Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2017-07-12","conditions":"Malignant Lymphoma","enrollment":13},{"nctId":"NCT04193098","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Study of Autologous Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Immunotherapy Combination With PD-1 Inhibitor in the Advanced NSCLC","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital","startDate":"2019-06-01","conditions":"Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Second-line Treatment","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT02836834","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics & 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molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Toripalimab Injection is an immunotherapy that targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) as its molecular mechanism. It is used to treat various conditions, including advanced unresectable solid tumors, metastatic solid tumors, recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, resectable stage II-IIIa non-small cell lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}