{"id":"hypertonic-saline-and-epinephrine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Irritability or agitation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Transient hyperglycemia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Throat irritation"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1256958","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"333.29"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Hypertonic saline works by creating an osmotic gradient that draws fluid into the airway lumen, hydrating secretions and improving mucociliary clearance. Epinephrine acts as an alpha-1 and beta-2 adrenergic agonist, causing vasoconstriction to reduce submucosal edema and stimulating beta-2 receptors to promote bronchodilation. Together, these agents reduce airway obstruction and improve ventilation, particularly in acute bronchiolitis and croup.","oneSentence":"Hypertonic saline increases airway osmolarity to promote mucus clearance, while epinephrine causes vasoconstriction and reduces airway edema and mucus production.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:23:54.974Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Acute bronchiolitis in infants and children"},{"name":"Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06267118","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparative Efficacy of Hypertonic Saline vs Adrenaline Nebulization in Acute Bronchiolitis","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Combined Military Hospital, Pakistan","startDate":"2023-11-01","conditions":"Acute Bronchiolitis Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06165939","phase":"NA","title":"Hydrodilatation With Hypertonic Dextrose Solution Injection After Intra-articular Steroid Injection for Frozen Shoulder","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Tri-Service General Hospital","startDate":"2024-01-01","conditions":"Frozen Shoulder","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT02145520","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate in the Treatment of Bronchiolitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hamad Medical Corporation","startDate":"2012-10","conditions":"Bronchiolitis, Magnesium, Abnormal Blood Level","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT02585531","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Epinephrine, Dexamethasone and Hypertonic Saline in Bronchiolitis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hospital General Naval de Alta Especialidad - Escuela Medico Naval","startDate":"2015-11","conditions":"Bronchiolitis","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01834820","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Epinephrine, Dexamethasone, and Hypertonic Saline in Bronchiolitis, Randomised Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital General Naval de Alta Especialidad - Escuela Medico Naval","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":"Bronchiolitis","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT01871857","phase":"PHASE4","title":"7% Hypertonic Saline for Acute Bronchiolitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Le Bonheur Children's Hospital","startDate":"2010-11","conditions":"Acute Bronchiolitis","enrollment":101},{"nctId":"NCT01873144","phase":"PHASE3","title":"High Flow Therapy vs Hypertonic Saline in Bronchiolitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ministry of Health, Spain","startDate":"2010-10","conditions":"Acute Viral Bronchiolitis","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT01276821","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Nebulised Hypertonic Saline (3%) Among Children With Bronchiolitis.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Dr. Aayush Khanal, MD","startDate":"2011-01","conditions":"Bronchiolitis","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT01300325","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effectiveness of Nebulized Hypertonic Saline and Epinephrine in Hospitalized Infants With Bronchiolitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Federico II University","startDate":"2008-11","conditions":"Bronchiolitis","enrollment":136},{"nctId":"NCT01016249","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Nebulized 5% Hypertonic Saline for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hamad Medical Corporation","startDate":"2007-04","conditions":"Bronchiolitis","enrollment":187}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Hypertonic saline and epinephrine","genericName":"Hypertonic saline and epinephrine","companyName":"Le Bonheur Children's Hospital","companyId":"le-bonheur-children-s-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Hypertonic saline (3%) has been studied as a treatment for bronchiolitis, specifically in a clinical trial (NCT01276821) to evaluate its efficacy among children with mild to moderately severe bronchiolitis. Epinephrine, on the other hand, has been used in various clinical trials, including one that studied its use in combination with hypertonic saline for bronchiolitis treatment.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}