{"id":"hydroxychloroquine-sulfate-regular-dose","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Retinopathy (with prolonged use)"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Pruritus"},{"rate":"3-8","effect":"Rash"},{"rate":"3-5","effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":"<1","effect":"Cardiomyopathy (rare, with high doses)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Hydroxychloroquine accumulates in lysosomes and impairs their acidification, disrupting antigen presentation and reducing the activation of toll-like receptors. This leads to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, making it effective in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. It also has weak antimalarial and antiparasitic properties through similar mechanisms.","oneSentence":"Hydroxychloroquine is a quinoline antimalarial and immunomodulatory agent that inhibits lysosomal function and reduces inflammatory cytokine production.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:33:10.688Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Malaria (treatment and prophylaxis)"},{"name":"Rheumatoid arthritis"},{"name":"Systemic lupus erythematosus"},{"name":"Discoid lupus erythematosus"},{"name":"Sjögren's syndrome"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04397328","phase":"PHASE3","title":"COVID-19 PEP- High-risk Individuals in Long-term and Specialized Care - Canada","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's","startDate":"2020-05-30","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT07021495","phase":"","title":"SKIN Disease Profiling by an Exploratory, pRospective, Biomarker Study in dermatoloGY Practice (SKINERGY)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Leiden University Medical Center","startDate":"2025-07-29","conditions":"Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU), Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), Psoriasis (PsO)","enrollment":840},{"nctId":"NCT04358302","phase":"NA","title":"Individual Patient Exposure and Response in Pediatric Lupus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Duke University","startDate":"2020-09-28","conditions":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT04351191","phase":"PHASE4","title":"PRophylaxis of Exposed COVID-19 Individuals With Mild Symptoms Using choloroquinE Compounds","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Government of Punjab, Specialized Healthcare and Medical Education Department","startDate":"2020-04-15","conditions":"Sars-CoV2, Symptomatic Condition, Covid-19","enrollment":137},{"nctId":"NCT04346667","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Patients With choloroquinE Compounds","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Government of Punjab, Specialized Healthcare and Medical Education Department","startDate":"2020-04-14","conditions":"SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus Infection, Asymptomatic Condition","enrollment":125}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Regular dose","genericName":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate Regular dose","companyName":"Government of Punjab, Specialized Healthcare and Medical Education Department","companyId":"government-of-punjab-specialized-healthcare-and-medical-education-department","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate is a small molecule inhibitor of Ferriprotoporphyrin IX, classified as an INHIBITOR drug class. It has been studied as a potential treatment for COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, among other conditions, in various clinical trials, including NCT04351191.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":2,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}